# First-Photon Ghost Imaging

## TL;DR

This paper introduces first-photon ghost imaging, a novel low-light imaging method that reconstructs images from minimal photon detections, significantly reducing the photon count needed compared to traditional techniques.

## Contribution

It presents a new photon-limited imaging approach that uses the first-photon detection and ghost imaging principles to achieve high efficiency at extremely low photon levels.

## Key findings

- Successfully retrieves images with only 0.1 photon detection per pixel
- Demonstrates a three orders of magnitude reduction in photon requirements
- Establishes an SNR model for noise analysis in low-flux imaging

## Abstract

Conventional imaging at low light level requires hundreds of detected photons per pixel to suppress the Poisson noise for accurate reflectivity inference. In this letter, we propose a high-efficiency photon-limited imaging technique, called first-photon ghost imaging, which recovers image from the first-photon detection by exploiting the physics of low-flux measurements and the framework of ghost imaging. The experimental results demonstrated that it could retrieve an image by only 0.1 photon detection per pixel, which is three orders lower than the conventional imaging technique. The SNR model of the system has been established for noise analysing. Our technique is supposed to have applications in many fields, ranging from biological microscopy to remote sensing.