# Multiplet of skyrmion states on a curvilinear defect: skyrmion lattices as a ground state

## TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how curvilinear defects in magnetic films induce multiple stable skyrmion states, enabling skyrmion lattices as ground states, with potential for information encoding through topological transitions.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel mechanism where localized curvilinear defects create multiple skyrmion states, leading to ground state skyrmion lattices in magnetic films.

## Key findings

- Discrete energy levels of magnetization states due to defects
- Skyrmion lattices can form as ground states
- Transitions allow for information encoding

## Abstract

We show that the presence of a localized curvilinear defect drastically changes magnetic properties of a thin perpendicularly magnetized ferromagnetic film. For a large enough defect amplitude a discrete set of equilibrium magnetization states appears forming a ladder of energy levels. Each equilibrium state has either zero or unit topological charge, i.e. topologically trivial and skyrmion multiplets generally appear. Transitions between the levels with the same topological charge are allowed and can be utilized to encode and switch a bit of information. There is a wide range of geometrical and material parameters, where the skyrmion level has the lowest energy. As a result, periodically arranged curvilinear defects generate a skyrmion lattice as the ground state.