# General mixed multi-soliton solution to the multi-component Maccari system

## TL;DR

This paper constructs a comprehensive multi-soliton solution for the multi-component Maccari system, revealing inelastic collisions involving bright solitons in multiple components and elastic interactions for dark solitons and the long wave.

## Contribution

It introduces a unified approach to derive mixed multi-soliton solutions for the multi-component Maccari system, encompassing all types of solitons and their interactions.

## Key findings

- Inelastic collisions occur when bright parts are in at least two components for M ≥ 3.
- Energy exchange during inelastic collisions involves intensity redistribution among bright solitons.
- Dark solitons and long-wave solitons always undergo elastic collisions with position shifts.

## Abstract

Based on the KP hierarchy reduction method, the general bright-dark mixed multi-soliton solution of the multi-component Maccari system is constructed. The multi-component Maccari system considered comprised of multiple (say $M$) short-wave components and one long-wave component with all possible combinations of nonlinearities including all-focusing, all-defocusing and mixed types. We firstly derive the two-bright-one-dark (2-b-1-d) and one-bright-two-dark (1-b-2-d) mixed multi-soliton solutions to the three-component Maccari system in detail. For the interaction between two solitons, the asymptotic analysis shows that inelastic collision can take place in a $M$-component Maccari system with $M \geq 3$ only if the bright parts of the mixed solitons appear at least in two short-wave components. The energy-exchanging inelastic collision characterized by an intensity redistribution among the bright parts of the mixed solitons. While the dark parts of the mixed solitons and the solitons in the long-wave component always undergo elastic collision which just accompanied by a position shift. In the end, we extend the corresponding analysis to the $M$-component Maccari system to obtain its mixed multi-soliton solution. The formula obtained unifies the all-bright, all-dark and mixed multi-soliton solutions.