# Magnetic order, hysteresis and phase coexistence in magnetoelectric LiCoPO$_4$

## TL;DR

This study maps the magnetic phases of LiCoPO$_4$ under high magnetic fields, revealing complex ordering, hysteresis, and phase coexistence, and proposes a mean-field model to explain additional magnetic structures.

## Contribution

It provides the first detailed magnetic phase diagram of LiCoPO$_4$ up to 25.9T, identifying new magnetic orderings and hysteresis effects, with a theoretical model explaining these phenomena.

## Key findings

- Magnetic unit cell triples for fields >11.9T
- Formation of a magnetized elliptic cycloid with spins in the (b,c)-plane
- Observation of additional ordering vectors in the hysteresis region

## Abstract

The magnetic phase diagram of magnetoelectric LiCoPO$_4$ is established using neutron diffraction and magnetometry in fields up to 25.9T applied along the crystallographic $b$-axis. For fields greater than 11.9T the magnetic unit cell triples in size with propagation vector Q = (0, 1/3, 0). A magnetized elliptic cycloid is formed with spins in the $(b,c)$-plane and the major axis oriented along $b$. Such a structure allows for the magnetoelectric effect with an electric polarization along $c$ induced by magnetic fields applied along $b$. Intriguingly, additional ordering vectors Q $\approx$ (0, 1/4, 0) and Q $\approx$ (0, 1/2, 0) appear for increasing fields in the hysteresis region below the transition field. Traces of this behavior are also observed in the magnetization. A simple model based on a mean-field approach is proposed to explain these additional ordering vectors. In the field interval 20.5-21.0T, the propagation vector Q = (0, 1/3, 0) remains but the spins orient differently compared to the cycloid phase. Above 21.0T and up until saturation a commensurate magnetic structure exists with a ferromagnetic component along $b$ and an antiferromagnetic component along $c$.