# Variation of Coronal Activity from the Minimum to Maximum of Solar Cycle 24 using Three Dimensional Coronal Electron Density Reconstructions from STEREO/COR1

## TL;DR

This study reconstructs three-dimensional coronal electron densities over Solar Cycle 24 using STEREO/COR1 data, revealing hemispheric asymmetries, latitudinal variations, and short-term oscillations in coronal activity.

## Contribution

It provides a comprehensive 3D electron density model of the solar corona during Cycle 24, validated against other methods, and analyzes hemispheric and latitudinal asymmetries and oscillations.

## Key findings

- Hemispheric asymmetry with the northern hemisphere leading by 7-9 months.
- Modulation factors in electron density range from 1.6 to 4.3, largest in polar regions.
- Dominant quasi-periodic oscillations of 7-8 months during Cycle 24.

## Abstract

Three dimensional electron density distributions in the solar corona are reconstructed for 100 Carrington Rotations (CR 2054$-$2153) during 2007/03$-$2014/08 using the spherically symmetric method from polarized white-light observations with the STEREO/COR1. These three-dimensional electron density distributions are validated by comparison with similar density models derived using other methods such as tomography and a MHD model as well as using data from SOHO/LASCO-C2. Uncertainties in the estimated total mass of the global corona are analyzed based on differences between the density distributions for COR1-A and -B. Long-term variations of coronal activity in terms of the global and hemispheric average electron densities (equivalent to the total coronal mass) reveal a hemispheric asymmetry during the rising phase of Solar Cycle 24, with the northern hemisphere leading the southern hemisphere by a phase shift of 7$-$9 months. Using 14-CR (~13-month) running averages, the amplitudes of the variation in average electron density between Cycle 24 maximum and Cycle 23/24 minimum (called the modulation factors) are found to be in the range of 1.6$-$4.3. These modulation factors are latitudinally dependent, being largest in polar regions and smallest in the equatorial region. These modulation factors also show a hemispheric asymmetry, being somewhat larger in the southern hemisphere. The wavelet analysis shows that the short-term quasi-periodic oscillations during the rising and maximum phases of Cycle 24 have a dominant period of 7$-$8 months. In addition, it is found that the radial distribution of mean electron density for streamers at Cycle 24 maximum is only slightly larger (by ~30%) than at cycle minimum.