# Operating Gravitational Wave Detectors far from equilibrium

## TL;DR

This paper proposes operating gravitational wave detectors out of equilibrium by selectively cooling mechanical modes, which can enhance sensitivity in specific frequency ranges, as demonstrated on silica membranes.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel out-of-equilibrium operation method for gravitational wave detectors through selective mode cooling, improving measurement sensitivity.

## Key findings

- Selective cooling improves sensitivity in targeted frequency ranges.
- Experiments on silica membranes show promising results.
- Potential application in next-generation gravitational wave detectors.

## Abstract

Tiny vibrations of mechanical structures are the main limiting cause in a number of high sensitivity measurement apparatus, chief among them the most sensitive displacement apparatus on earth: gravitational wave interferometers. Such devices are usually operated at equilibrium and small fluctuations are perceived as noise that sets a lower limit to the detection capabilities. An example is the so-called thermal noise, ubiquitous and unavoidable. In this letter we present an approach aimed at operating the interferometer out of equilibrium. We show that selective cooling of single modes of the mechanical structure is able to positively impact the measurement sensitivity, in selected frequency ranges. Experiments conducted on thin silica membranes show promising results for the implementation of such technique in next generation gravitational wave detectors.