# Primordial black holes from inflaton and spectator field perturbations in a matter-dominated era

## TL;DR

This paper investigates the formation of primordial black holes during an early matter-dominated era, considering perturbations from inflaton and spectator fields, and derives constraints on their parameters based on current observational limits.

## Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive analysis of PBH production from inflaton and spectator fields during matter domination, providing new constraints on their spectral parameters and reheating temperature.

## Key findings

- Significant PBH dark matter fraction possible within certain parameter regions.
- Derived constraints on spectator field amplitude and spectral index.
- Established an upper limit on inflaton spectral index running, comparable to Planck results.

## Abstract

We study production of primordial black holes (PBHs) during an early matter-dominated phase. As a source of perturbations, we consider either the inflaton field with a running spectral index or a spectator field that has a blue spectrum and thus provides a significant contribution to the PBH production at small scales. First, we identify the region of the parameter space where a significant fraction of the observed dark matter can be produced, taking into account all current PBH constraints. Then, we present constraints on the amplitude and spectral index of the spectator field as a function of the reheating temperature. We also derive constraints on the running of the inflaton spectral index, ${\rm d}n/{\rm d}{\rm ln}k \lesssim -0.002$, which are comparable to those from the Planck satellite for a scenario where the spectator field is absent.