# Conductance spectroscopy on Majorana wires and the inverse proximity effect

## TL;DR

This paper investigates how a normal drain lead influences conductance spectra in Majorana nanowires, potentially explaining experimental discrepancies in zero-bias peaks and mode oscillations.

## Contribution

It introduces a model incorporating a normal drain lead in Majorana wire conductance analysis, offering explanations for observed experimental deviations.

## Key findings

- Normal drain leads can suppress zero-bias peaks.
- Drain leads affect the visibility of Majorana oscillations.
- Numerical and analytical results clarify the drain's impact.

## Abstract

Recent experimental searches for signatures of Majorana-like excitations in proximitized semiconducting nanowires involve conductance spectroscopy, where the evidence sought after is a robust zero-bias peak (in longer wires) and its characteristic field-dependent splitting (in shorter wires). Although experimental results partially confirm the theoretical predictions, commonly observed discrepancies still include (i) a zero-bias peak that is significantly lower than the predicted value of $2e^2/h$ and (ii) the absence of the expected "Majorana oscillations" of the lowest-energy modes at higher magnetic fields. Here, we investigate how the inevitable presence of a normal drain lead connected to the hybrid wire can affect the conductance spectrum of the hybrid wire. We present numerical results using a one-band model for the proximitized nanowire, where the superconductor is considered to be in the diffusive regime, described by semi-classical Green functions. We show how the presence of the normal drain could (at least partially) account for the observed discrepancies, and we complement this with analytic results providing more insights in the underlying physics.