# Constraining high-energy neutrino emission from choked jets in stripped-envelope supernovae

## TL;DR

This study searches for neutrino emissions from choked jets in stripped-envelope supernovae using IceCube data, finding no significant signals but setting upper limits on their contribution to cosmic rays and jet orientation fraction.

## Contribution

First to perform a stacking analysis linking Type Ibc supernovae with high-energy neutrinos, constraining their role in cosmic ray production.

## Key findings

- No significant neutrino signal detected.
- Placed upper limits on cosmic ray energy from choked jets.
- Constrained the fraction of supernovae with jets directed towards Earth.

## Abstract

There are indications that $\gamma$-ray dark objects such as supernovae (SNe) with choked jets, and the cores of active galactic nuclei may contribute to the diffuse flux of astrophysical neutrinos measured by the IceCube observatory. In particular, stripped-envelope SNe have received much attention since they are capable of producing relativistic jets and could explain the diversity in observations of collapsar explosions (e.g., gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), low-luminosity GRBs, and Type Ibc SNe). We use an unbinned maximum likelihood method to search for spatial and temporal coincidences between Type Ibc core-collapse SNe, which may harbor a choked jet, and muon neutrinos from a sample of IceCube up-going track-like events measured from May 2011-May 2012. In this stacking analysis, we find no significant deviation from a background-only hypothesis using one year of data, and are able to place upper limits on the total amount of isotropic equivalent energy that choked jet core-collapse SNe deposit in cosmic rays ${\mathcal E}_{\rm cr}$ and the fraction of core-collapse SNe which have a jet pointed towards Earth $f_{\rm jet}$. This analysis can be extended with yet to be made public IceCube data, and the increased amount of optically detected core-collapse SNe discovered by wide field-of-view surveys such as the Palomar Transient Factory and All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae. The choked jet SNe/high-energy cosmic neutrino connection can be more tightly constrained in the near future.