# A New Algorithm for the Higher-Order $G$-Transformation

## TL;DR

This paper introduces the FS/qd-algorithm, a new efficient method combining existing algorithms for higher-order $G$-transformation, improving computational efficiency and applicability to Shanks' transformation.

## Contribution

The paper develops the FS/qd-algorithm, merging Ford and Sidi's FS-algorithm with Rutishauser's qd-algorithm, offering a more efficient approach for higher-order $G$-transformation.

## Key findings

- FS/qd-algorithm has fewer operations than rs-algorithm.
- FS/qd can implement Shanks' transformation effectively.
- FS/qd compares favorably with Wynn's $oldsymbol{ extit{ extbf{ extepsilon}}}$-algorithm.

## Abstract

Let the scalars $A^{(j)}_n$ be defined via the linear equations $$A_l=A^{(j)}_n+\sum^n_{k=1}\bar{\alpha}_ku_{k+l-1},\ \ l=j,j+1,\ldots,j+n\ .$$ Here the $A_i$ and $u_i$ are known and the $\bar{\alpha}_k$ are additional unknowns, and the quantities of interest are the $A^{(j)}_n$. This problem arises, for example, when one computes infinite-range integrals by the higher-order $G$-transformation of Gray, Atchison, and McWilliams. One efficient procedure for computing the $A^{(j)}_n$ is the rs-algorithm of Pye and Atchison. In the present work, we develop yet another procedure that combines the FS-algorithm of Ford and Sidi and the qd-algorithm of Rutishauser, and we denote it the FS/qd-algorithm. We show that the FS/qd-algorithm has a smaller operation count than the rs-algorithm. We also show that the FS/qd algorithm can also be used to implement the transformation of Shanks, and compares very favorably with the $\varepsilon$-algorithm of Wynn that is normally used for this purpose.