# Analytical lower bounds for the size of elementary trapping sets of variable-regular LDPC codes with any girth and irregular ones with girth 8

## TL;DR

This paper derives analytical lower bounds on the size of elementary trapping sets in variable-regular and irregular LDPC codes with various girths, providing tight bounds and methods for minimal trapping set sizes.

## Contribution

It introduces new analytical lower bounds for elementary trapping set sizes in LDPC codes with any girth, extending previous results and offering methods for irregular codes.

## Key findings

- Lower bounds for ETS size in girth 8 codes: a ≥ 2γ - 1, b ≥ γ.
- Bounds are tight and applicable to irregular LDPC codes with specific column weights.
- For girth 10, ETS size a ≥ (γ - 1)^2 + 1; for certain girths, bounds depend on γ and girth.

## Abstract

In this paper we give lower bounds on the size of $(a,b)$ elementary trapping sets (ETSs) belonging to variable-regular LDPC codes with any girth, $g$, and irregular ones with girth 8, where $a$ is the size, $b$ is the number of degree-one check nodes and satisfy the inequality $\frac{b}{a}<1$. Our proposed lower bounds are analytical, rather than exhaustive search-based, and based on graph theories. The numerical results in the literarture for $g=6,8$ for variable-regular LDPC codes match our results. Some of our investigations are independent of the girth and rely on the variables $a$, $b$ and $\gamma$, the column weight value, only. We prove that for an ETS belonging to a variable-regular LDPC code with girth 8 we have $a\geq2\gamma-1$ and $b\geq\gamma$. We demonstrate that these lower bounds are tight, making use of them we provide a method to achieve the minimum size of ETSs belonging to irregular LDPC codes with girth 8 specially those whose column weight values are a subset of $\{2,3,4,5,6\}$. Moreover, we show for variable-regular LDPC codes with girth 10, $a\geq(\gamma-1)^2+1$. And for $\gamma=3,4$ we obtain $a\geq7$ and $a\geq12$, respectively. Finally, for variable-regular LDPC codes with girths $g=2(2k+1)$ and $g=2(2k+2)$ we obtain $a\geq(\gamma-2)^k+1$ and $a\geq2(\gamma-2)^k+1$, respectively.