# The uncertainty of local background magnetic field orientation in anisotropic plasma turbulence

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a quantitative measure called angle uncertainty to assess how the uncertainty in the background magnetic field orientation affects the analysis of anisotropy in turbulent plasma flows, especially in solar wind data.

## Contribution

It proposes a new scale-dependent measure of magnetic field orientation uncertainty and demonstrates its impact on spectral anisotropy analysis in solar wind turbulence.

## Key findings

- Large angle uncertainty can lead to misinterpretation of spectral indices.
- Spectral anisotropy appears robust despite false local magnetic field angles.
- The frequency-dependent angle uncertainty is applicable to various turbulent systems.

## Abstract

In order to resolve and characterize anisotropy in turbulent plasma flows a proper estimation of the background magnetic field is crucially important. Various approaches to calculate the background magnetic fields, ranging from local fields to globally averaged fields, are commonly used in the analysis of turbulent data. Here we investigate how the uncertainty in the orientation of a scale dependent background magnetic field influences the ability to resolve anisotropy. Therefore we introduce a quantitative measure, the angle uncertainty, which characterizes the uncertainty of the orientation of the background magnetic field which turbulent structures are exposed to. The angle uncertainty can be used as a condition to estimate the ability to resolve anisotropy with certain accuracy. We apply our description to resolve spectral anisotropy in fast solar wind data. We show that if the angle uncertainty grows too large, the power of the turbulent fluctuations is attributed to false local magnetic field angles, which may lead to an incorrect estimation of spectral indices. In our results an apparent robustness of the spectral anisotropy to false local magnetic field angles is observed, which can be explained by a stronger increase of power for lower frequencies when the scale of the local magnetic field is increased. The frequency dependent angle uncertainty is a measure which can be applied to any turbulent system.