Two-dimensional Dirac signature of germanene

TL;DR

This study investigates the structural and electronic properties of germanene on Ge$_2$Pt, revealing a buckled honeycomb structure with Dirac-like electronic behavior and reconstructed zigzag edges lacking metallic edge states.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed characterization of germanene's atomic structure and Dirac signature on Ge$_2$Pt, including edge reconstruction effects.

Findings

Germanene exhibits a buckled honeycomb structure with a 4.3 Å lattice constant.

The differential conductivity shows a V-shape near the Fermi level, indicating Dirac-like behavior.

Reconstructed zigzag edges do not support metallic edge states.

Abstract

The structural and electronic properties of germanene coated Ge$_2$Pt clusters have been determined by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy at room temperature. The interior of the germanene sheet exhibits a buckled honeycomb structure with a lattice constant of 4.3 \AA and a buckling of 0.2 \AA. The zigzag edges of germanene are reconstructed and display a 4$\times$ periodicity. The differential conductivity of the interior of the germanene sheet has a V-shape, which is reminiscent of the density of states of a two-dimensional Dirac system. The minimum of the differential conductivity is located close to the Fermi level and has a non-zero value, which we ascribe to the metallic character of the underlying Ge$_2$Pt substrate. Near the reconstructed germanene zigzag edges the shape of the differential conductivity changes from a V-shape to a more parabolic-like shape, revealing that the reconstructed germanene zigzag edges do not exhibit a pronounced metallic edge state.