# Criteria for the Absence and Existence of Bounded Solutions at the Threshold Frequency in a Junction of Quantum Waveguides

## TL;DR

This paper establishes criteria for the existence or absence of bounded solutions at the threshold frequency in quantum waveguide junctions, aiding in understanding resonances and trapped modes in such structures.

## Contribution

It introduces two distinct criteria for identifying threshold resonances in quantum waveguide junctions, one for disproving and one for confirming their presence, including a method to distinguish trapped modes.

## Key findings

- A simple criterion to disprove bounded solutions at threshold frequency.
- A detailed criterion to detect shapes supporting threshold resonance.
- A natural distinction between stabilizing solutions and trapped modes.

## Abstract

In the junction $\Omega$ of several semi-infinite cylindrical waveguides we consider the Dirichlet Laplacian whose continuous spectrum is the ray $[\lambda_\dagger, +\infty)$ with a positive cut-off value $\lambda_\dagger$. We give two different criteria for the threshold resonance generated by nontrivial bounded solutions to the Dirichlet problem for the Helmholtz equation $-\Delta u=\lambda_\dagger u$ in $\Omega$. The first criterion is quite simple and is convenient to disprove the existence of bounded solutions. The second criterion is rather involved but can help to detect concrete shapes supporting the resonance. Moreover, the latter distinguishes in a natural way between stabilizing, i.e., bounded but non-descending solutions and trapped modes with exponential decay at infinity.