On some equalities and inequalities for $K$-frames
Fahimeh Arabyani Neyshaburi, Ghadir Mohajeri Minaei, Ehsan Anjidani

TL;DR
This paper extends known equalities and inequalities from ordinary frames to K-frames in Hilbert spaces, providing new mathematical tools relevant for sampling theory and operator analysis.
Contribution
It introduces several new equalities and inequalities for K-frames, expanding the theoretical framework and applying Jensen's operator inequality for further results.
Findings
New equalities for K-frames established
Novel inequalities derived using Jensen's operator inequality
Enhanced understanding of K-frame properties in Hilbert spaces
Abstract
K-frame theory was recently introduced to reconstruct elements from the range of a bounded linear operator K in a separable Hilbert space. This significant property is worthwhile especially in some problems arising in sampling theory. Some equalities and inequalities have been established for ordinary frames and their duals. In this paper, we continue and extend these results to obtain several important equalities and inequalities for K-frames. Moreover, by applying Jensen's operator inequality we obtain some new inequalities for -frames.
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On some equalities and inequalities for -frames
Fahimeh Arabyani Neyshaburi
Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
Ghadir Mohajeri Minaei
Technical and Vocational University, Neyshabur Branch, Iran.
Ehsan Anjidani
Department of Mathematics, University of Neyshabur, P.O.Box 91136-899, Neyshabur, Iran.
Abstract.
-frame theory was recently introduced to reconstruct elements from the range of a bounded linear operator in a separable Hilbert space. This significant property is worthwhile especially in some problems arising in sampling theory. Some equalities and inequalities have been established for ordinary frames and their duals. In this paper, we continue and extend these results to obtain several important equalities and inequalities for -frames. Moreover, by applying Jensen’s operator inequality we obtain some new inequalities for -frames.
1991 Mathematics Subject Classification:
Primary 42C15; Secondary 42C40, 41A58.
Key words: -frames; Parseval -frames; -duals, Jensen’s operator inequality.
1. Introduction and preliminaries
Frames are redundant systems in separable Hilbert spaces, which provide non-unique representations of vectors and are applied in a wide range of applications [4, 5, 6, 7]. Working on efficient algorithms for computing reconstruction of signals without noisy phase, Balan et al. [3] discover some new identities for Parseval frames. Then, these identities have been generalized by some researchers for the alternate dual frames and other types of frames [2, 11, 19, 20].
Recently, -frames were introduced by Gvruţa [13] to study atomic systems with respect to a bounded operator . Recall that atomic decomposition for a closed subspace of a Hilbert space introduced by Feichtinger et al. in [10] with frame-like properties. Although, the sequences in atomic decompositions do not necessarily belong to . This interesting property, which was the main motivation of introducing atomic decomposition and -frame theory, comes from some problems in sampling theory [16, 17]. In this work, we extend and improve these results to obtain some equalities and inequalities for -frames. First, we are going to state some preliminaries of -frames and their duals, which are used in our main results. Let be a separable Hilbert space and a countable index set and . A sequence is called a -frame for , if there exist constants such that
[TABLE]
Obviously, is an ordinary frame if and so -frames are a generalization of the ordinary frames [7, 8, 13]. The constants and in are called the lower and the upper bounds of , respectively. A -frame is called a Parseval -frame, whenever . Since is a Bessel sequence, similar to ordinary frames the synthesis operator can be defined as ; . The operator is bounded and its adjoint which is called the analysis operator is given by , and the frame operator is given by ; . Unlike ordinary frames, the frame operator of a K-frame is not invertible in general. However, if has closed range, then from onto is an invertible operator [18].
In [1], the notion of duality for -frames is introduced and several approaches for construction and characterization of -frames and their dual are presented. Indeed, a Bessel sequence is called a -dual of if
[TABLE]
Theorem 1.1** (Douglas [9]).**
Let and be bounded linear mappings on given Hilbert spaces. Then the following assertions are equivalent:
- (i)
;
- (ii)
, for some ;
- (iii)
There exists a bounded linear mapping , such that .
Moreover, if (i), (ii) and (iii) are valid, then there exists a unique operator so that
- (a)
;
- (b)
;
- (c)
.
Remark 1.2*.*
Suppose is a -frame for with the optimal bounds and , respectively. Clearly . Also, using Douglas’ theorem, there exists an operator such that
[TABLE]
and is a -dual of , where is the standard orthonormal basis of , see [13]. Moreover, by Douglas’ theorem the equation (1.3) has a unique solution as such that
[TABLE]
Now, let be the optimal lower bound of . Then, we obtain
[TABLE]
which coincides with ordinary frames. Indeed, if , we easily obtain and so .
For further information in -frame theory we refer the reader to [1, 10, 13, 18]. Throughout this paper, we suppose is a separable Hilbert space, the pseudo inverse of operator , a countable index set and for every , we show the complement of by . Also denotes the identity operator on . For two Hilbert spaces and we denote by the set of all bounded linear operators between and , and we abbreviate by . Also we denote the range of by , and the orthogonal projection of onto a closed subspace of by . Finally, we use of and to denote the synthesis operator and frame operator, whenever the index set is limited to .
2. Main Results
In this section we obtain several equalities and inequalities for -frames, -duals and Parseval -frames. These results extend and improve some important results of [2, 11, 20].
Theorem 2.1**.**
Let be a -frame for and be a -dual of . Then for every and ,
[TABLE]
Proof.
Suppose that , and consider the operator
[TABLE]
One can easily show that is a well defined and bounded operator on . Moreover, we have . Hence,
[TABLE]
∎
Using Theorem 2.1 we immediately obtain the following corollary.
Corollary 2.2**.**
Let be a -frame with a -dual . Then for every and ,
[TABLE]
where is as in .
Theorem 2.3**.**
Let be a -frame for and be a -dual of . Then for every bounded sequence and ,
[TABLE]
In the sequel, we survey some inequalities on Parseval -frames. These results also extend some important inequalites for frames in [2, 11].
Theorem 2.4**.**
Assume that is a Parseval -frame for . For every , and we have
[TABLE]
Proof.
First note that for every , we have . Hence . In fact
[TABLE]
Hence, for every we obtain
[TABLE]
and consequently
[TABLE]
∎
Theorem 2.5**.**
Let be a Parseval -frame for . Then for every and ,
[TABLE]
Proof.
Since , we can write
[TABLE]
and consequently
[TABLE]
Thus, we obtain
[TABLE]
This completes the proof. ∎
Notice that, in Theorem 2.5 if we take it reduce to Theorem 2.2 in [20]. Also, Theorem 2.5 leads to the following concept, which is a generalization of [11] for Parseval frames. Let be a Parseval -frame. Then we consider
[TABLE]
Now, we are going to present some properties of these notations. For this we need the next lemma.
Lemma 2.6**.**
Let be a closed range operator and be a -frame for . Then
- (i)
.
- (ii)
.
Proof.
The first part is a known result for every Bessel sequence [8] and so for -frames. Hence, we only need to show . Let . Then we have
[TABLE]
∎
Theorem 2.7**.**
Suppose is a Parseval -frame for . The following assertion hold:
- (i)
**
- (ii)
, and
- (iii)
, and
Proof.
For (i), it is sufficient to show the upper inequality. Since is a Bessel sequence, so by applying Lemma 2.6 (i) we obtain
[TABLE]
Moreover,
[TABLE]
Hence,
[TABLE]
On the other hand, in the proof of Theorem 2.4 we observed that
[TABLE]
and consequently we have
[TABLE]
for every . Thus
[TABLE]
This shows (ii). Finally (iii) is easy to check. ∎
Using the result above-mentioned, we stablish some equivalent results for Parseval -frames.
Corollary 2.8**.**
Let be a Parseval -frame for . Then for every and the following conditions are equivalent.
- (i)
.
- (ii)
**
- (iii)
.
Proof.
is clear. Also, holds by a direct computation. Now, let holds, then
[TABLE]
i.e., holds. Hence and similarly . ∎
Finally, we obtain the following more general result.
Corollary 2.9**.**
Let be a Parseval -frame for . Then for every and the following conditions are equivalent.
- (i)
**
- (ii)
.
- (iii)
.
- (iv)
*. *
Proof.
Since,
[TABLE]
Thus . Moreover and are positive, so we have
[TABLE]
This follows that, and . ∎
3. Some new inequalities
In this section, applying Jensen’s operator inequality we obtain some new inequalities for -frames. First, recall that a continuous function defined on an interval is said to be operator convex if
[TABLE]
for all and all self-adjoint operators , with spectra in . A general formulation of Jensen’s operator inequality is given as follows (see [12]).
Theorem 3.1**.**
Let , be Hilbert spaces and be an operator convex function. For each , the inequality
[TABLE]
holds for every -tuple of self-adjoint operators in with spectra in and every -tuple of positive linear mappings such that .
Also, a variant of Jensen’s operator inequality (3.1) for convex functions is presented as follows (see [15]).
Theorem 3.2**.**
Let be self-adjoin operators with spectra in for some scalars and be positive linear mappings from into with , where and are the identity mappings on and , respectively. If is a continuous convex function, then
[TABLE]
Now, we apply inequalities and to obtain some inequalities for -frames.
Theorem 3.3**.**
Suppose is a Parseval -frame for . Then for every subset of ,
- (i)
if is an operator convex function, then
[TABLE]
- (ii)
if is a convex function, then
[TABLE]
Proof.
Let and . Since and are positive operators with , the spectra of and are in . Now, if we define and , where is the identity mapping on , then and follow from inequalities and , respectively. ∎
Corollary 3.4**.**
Suppose is a Parseval -frame for . Then for every subset of and , we obtain
[TABLE]
Proof.
Since the function is convex on , by Theorem 3.3 we have
[TABLE]
and
[TABLE]
and so
[TABLE]
Therefore, it follows from and that
[TABLE]
Hence for every , we obtain inequality . ∎
The reference list from the paper itself. Each links out to its DOI / PubMed record.
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- 2[2] R. Balan, P. G. Casazza, D. Edidin and G. Kutyniok, A new identity for Parseval frames, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 135 (2007), 1007–1015.
- 3[3] R. Balan, P. G. Casazza and D. Edidin, On signal reconstruction without phase, Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal. 20 (2006), 345–356.
- 4[4] J. Benedetto, A. Powell and O. Yilmaz, Sigm-Delta quantization and finite frames, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory. 52 (2006), 1990–2005.
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- 6[6] H. Bolcskel, F. Hlawatsch and H. G. Feichtinger, Frame-theoretic analysis of oversampled filter banks, IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 46 (1998), 3256–3268.
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- 8[8] O. Christensen, Frames and Bases: An Introductory Course, Birkhäuser, Boston. 2008.
