# Probing the interplay between surface and bulk states in the topological Kondo insulator SmB$_6$ through conductance fluctuation spectroscopy

## TL;DR

This study uses conductance fluctuation spectroscopy to distinguish surface and bulk contributions in SmB$_6$, confirming surface-dominated transport at low temperatures and revealing uncorrelated noise sources.

## Contribution

It provides direct experimental evidence that surface states dominate low-temperature transport in SmB$_6$ and characterizes the nature of conductance fluctuations in this topological Kondo insulator.

## Key findings

- Surface states dominate transport at low temperatures.
- Conductance fluctuations match 2D symplectic class predictions.
- Bulk noise shows glassy dynamics at higher temperatures.

## Abstract

We present results of resistance fluctuation spectroscopy on single crystals of the predicted Kondo topological insulator material SmB$_6$. Our measurements show that at low temperatures, transport in this system takes place only through surface states. The measured noise in this temperature range arises due to Universal Conductance Fluctuations whose statistics was found to be consistent with theoretical predictions for that of two-dimensional systems in the Symplectic symmetry class. At higher temperatures, we find signatures of glassy dynamics and establish that the measured noise is caused by mobility fluctuations in the bulk. We find that, unlike the topological insulators of the dichalcogenide family, the noise in surface and bulk conduction channels in SmB$_6$ are completely uncorrelated. Our measurements establish that at sufficiently low temperatures, the bulk has no discernible contribution to electrical transport in SmB$_6$ making it an ideal platform for probing the physics of topological surface states.