# Efficient 3D Placement of a UAV Using Particle Swarm Optimization

## TL;DR

This paper presents a particle swarm optimization method for optimally positioning a UAV in 3D space to provide indoor wireless coverage in high-rise buildings during disasters, minimizing transmit power.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel approach for UAV placement indoors using PSO, addressing a gap in existing outdoor-focused models for disaster scenarios.

## Key findings

- Efficient 3D UAV placement reduces total transmit power.
- Proposed PSO algorithm outperforms baseline methods.
- Effective coverage of indoor users in high-rise buildings.

## Abstract

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be used as aerial wireless base stations when cellular networks go down. Prior studies on UAV-based wireless coverage typically consider an Air-to-Ground path loss model, which assumes that the users are outdoor and they are located on a 2D plane. In this paper, we propose using a single UAV to provide wireless coverage for indoor users inside a high-rise building under disaster situations (such as earthquakes or floods), when cellular networks are down. We assume that the locations of indoor users are uniformly distributed in each floor and we propose a particle swarm optimization algorithm to find an efficient 3D placement of a UAV that minimizes the total transmit power required to cover the indoor users.