# Three new roads to the Planck scale

## TL;DR

This paper presents three heuristic approaches rooted in relativistic gravity and quantum physics to derive the Planck scale, aligning closely with standard values and offering new perspectives on quantum-gravitational phenomena.

## Contribution

It introduces three novel heuristic derivations of the Planck scale based on fundamental principles, expanding understanding of quantum-gravitational interactions.

## Key findings

- Derived Planck scale quantities within one order of magnitude of standard values
- Proposed pair creation of tiny causal bubbles as particles
- Analyzed black hole evaporation at the Planck scale

## Abstract

Three new heuristic derivations of the Planck scale are described. They are based on basic principles or phenomena of relativistic gravity and quantum physics. The Planck scale quantities thus obtained are within one order of magnitude of the "standard" ones. We contemplate the pair creation of causal bubbles so small that they can be treated as particles, the scattering of a matter wave off the background curvature of spacetime that it induces, and the Hawking evaporation of a black hole in a single burst at the Planck scale.