Measurement of the integrated luminosity and the center-of-mass energy of the data taken by BESIII at $\sqrt{s} = 2.125$ GeV
BESIII Collaboration: M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, S. Ahmed, X. C. Ai,, O. Albayrak, M. Albrecht, D. J. Ambrose, A. Amoroso, F. F. An, Q. An, J. Z., Bai, R. Baldini Ferroli, Y. Ban, D. W. Bennett, J. V. Bennett, N. Berger, M., Bertani, D. Bettoni, J. M. Bian, F. Bianchi, E. Boger

TL;DR
This paper reports precise measurements of the integrated luminosity and center-of-mass energy for data collected at 2.125 GeV by BESIII, crucial for studying the Y(2175) state.
Contribution
It provides the first precise determination of luminosity and energy at this specific energy point using Bhabha and dimuon events.
Findings
Integrated luminosity measured as 108.49 ± 0.02 ± 0.85 pb$^{-1}$
Center-of-mass energy determined as 2126.55 ± 0.03 ± 0.85 MeV
Measurement uncertainties are well quantified
Abstract
To study the nature of the state , a dedicated data set of collision data was collected at the center-of-mass energy of 2.125 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. By analyzing large-angle Bhabha scattering events, the integrated luminosity of this data set is determined to be pb, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second one is systematic. In addition, the center-of-mass energy of the data set is determined with radiative dimuon events to be MeV, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second one is systematic.
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00footnotetext: Received xxxx June xxxx
Measurement of integrated luminosity and center-of-mass energy of data taken by BESIII at
GeV††thanks: Supported in part by National Key Basic Research Program of China under Contract No. 2015CB856700; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Contracts Nos. 11235011, 11322544, 11335008, 11425524, 11635010, 11675184, 11735014; the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Large-Scale Scientific Facility Program; the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics (CCEPP); the Collaborative Innovation Center for Particles and Interactions (CICPI); Joint Large-Scale Scientific Facility Funds of the NSFC and CAS under Contracts Nos. U1232201, U1332201, U1532257, U1532258; CAS under Contracts Nos. KJCX2-YW-N29, KJCX2-YW-N45; 100 Talents Program of CAS; National 1000 Talents Program of China; INPAC and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology; German Research Foundation DFG under Contracts Nos. Collaborative Research Center CRC 1044, FOR 2359; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (KNAW) under Contract No. 530-4CDP03; Ministry of Development of Turkey under Contract No. DPT2006K-120470; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Contract No. 11505010; The Swedish Resarch Council; U. S. Department of Energy under Contracts Nos. DE-FG02-05ER41374, DE-SC-0010118, DE-SC-0010504, DE-SC-0012069; U.S. National Science Foundation; University of Groningen (RuG) and the Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI), Darmstadt; WCU Program of National Research Foundation of Korea under Contract No. R32-2008-000-10155-0.
Abstract
To study the nature of the state , a dedicated data set of collision data was collected at the center-of-mass energy of 2.125 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. By analyzing large-angle Bhabha scattering events, the integrated luminosity of this data set is determined to be pb*-1*, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second one is systematic. In addition, the center-of-mass energy of the data set is determined with radiative dimuon events to be MeV, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second one is systematic.
keywords:
Bhabha scattering, luminosity, radiative dimuon events, center-of-mass energy
pacs:
1
M. Ablikim(麦迪娜)1, M. N. Achasov9,e, S. Ahmed14, X. C. Ai(艾小聪)1, O. Albayrak5, M. Albrecht4, D. J. Ambrose44, A. Amoroso49A,49C, F. F. An(安芬芬)1, Q. An(安琪)46,a, J. Z. Bai(白景芝)1, R. Baldini Ferroli20A, Y. Ban(班勇)31, D. W. Bennett19, J. V. Bennett5, N. Berger22, M. Bertani20A, D. Bettoni21A, J. M. Bian(边渐鸣)43, F. Bianchi49A,49C, E. Boger23,c, I. Boyko23, R. A. Briere5, H. Cai(蔡浩)51, X. Cai(蔡啸)1,a, O. Cakir40A, A. Calcaterra20A, G. F. Cao(曹国富)1, S. A. Cetin40B, J. Chai49C, J. F. Chang(常劲帆)1,a, G. Chelkov23,c,d, G. Chen(陈刚)1, H. S. Chen(陈和生)1, J. C. Chen(陈江川)1, M. L. Chen(陈玛丽)1,a, S. Chen(陈实)41, S. J. Chen(陈申见)29, X. Chen(谌炫)1,a, X. R. Chen(陈旭荣)26, Y. B. Chen(陈元柏)1,a, H. P. Cheng(程和平)17, X. K. Chu(褚新坤)31, G. Cibinetto21A, H. L. Dai(代洪亮)1,a, J. P. Dai(代建平)34, A. Dbeyssi14, D. Dedovich23, Z. Y. Deng(邓子艳)1, A. Denig22, I. Denysenko23, M. Destefanis49A,49C, F. De Mori49A,49C, Y. Ding(丁勇)27, C. Dong(董超)30, J. Dong(董静)1,a, L. Y. Dong(董燎原)1, M. Y. Dong(董明义)1,a, Z. L. Dou(豆正磊)29, S. X. Du(杜书先)53, P. F. Duan(段鹏飞)1, J. Z. Fan(范荆州)39, J. Fang(方建)1,a, S. S. Fang(房双世)1, X. Fang(方馨)46,a, Y. Fang(方易)1, R. Farinelli21A,21B, L. Fava49B,49C, O. Fedorov23, F. Feldbauer22, G. Felici20A, C. Q. Feng(封常青)46,a, E. Fioravanti21A, M. Fritsch14,22, C. D. Fu(傅成栋)1, Q. Gao(高清)1, X. L. Gao(高鑫磊)46,a, Y. Gao(高原宁)39, Z. Gao(高榛)46,a, I. Garzia21A, K. Goetzen10, L. Gong(龚丽)30, W. X. Gong(龚文煊)1,a, W. Gradl22, M. Greco49A,49C, M. H. Gu(顾旻皓)1,a, Y. T. Gu(顾运厅)12, Y. H. Guan(管颖慧)1, A. Q. Guo(郭爱强)1, L. B. Guo(郭立波)28, R. P. Guo(郭如盼)1, Y. Guo(郭bsmi玥)1, Y. P. Guo(郭玉萍)22, Z. Haddadi25, A. Hafner22, S. Han(韩爽)51, X. Q. Hao(郝喜庆)15, F. A. Harris42, K. L. He(何康林)1, F. H. Heinsius4, T. Held4, Y. K. Heng(衡月昆)1,a, T. Holtmann4, Z. L. Hou(侯治龙)1, C. Hu(胡琛)28, H. M. Hu(胡海明)1, J. F. Hu(胡继峰)49A,49C, T. Hu(胡涛)1,a, Y. Hu(胡誉)1, G. S. Huang(黄光顺)46,a, J. S. Huang(黄金书)15, X. T. Huang(黄性涛)33, X. Z. Huang(黄晓忠)29, Y. Huang(黄勇)29, Z. L. Huang(黄智玲)27, T. Hussain48, Q. Ji(纪全)1, Q. P. Ji(姬清平)15, X. B. Ji(季晓斌)1, X. L. Ji(季筱璐)1,a, L. W. Jiang(姜鲁文)51, X. S. Jiang(江晓山)1,a, X. Y. Jiang(蒋兴雨)30, J. B. Jiao(焦健斌)33, Z. Jiao(焦铮)17, D. P. Jin(金大鹏)1,a, S. Jin(金山)1, T. Johansson50, A. Julin43, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki25, X. L. Kang(康晓琳)1, X. S. Kang(康晓bsmi珅)30, M. Kavatsyuk25, B. C. Ke(柯百谦)5, P. Kiese22, R. Kliemt14, B. Kloss22, O. B. Kolcu40B,h, B. Kopf4, M. Kornicer42, A. Kupsc50, W. Kühn24, J. S. Lange24, M. Lara19, P. Larin14, H. Leithoff22, C. Leng49C, C. Li(李翠)50, Cheng Li(李澄)46,a, D. M. Li(李德民)53, F. Li(李飞)1,a, F. Y. Li(李峰云)31, G. Li(李刚)1, H. B. Li(李海波)1, H. J. Li(李惠静)1, J. C. Li(李家才)1, Jin Li(李瑾)32, K. Li(李康)13, K. Li(李科)33, Lei Li(李蕾)3, P. R. Li(李培荣)41, Q. Y. Li(李启云)33, T. Li(李腾)33, W. D. Li(李卫东)1, W. G. Li(李卫国)1, X. L. Li(李晓玲)33, X. N. Li(李小男)1,a, X. Q. Li(李学潜)30, Y. B. Li(李郁博)2, Z. B. Li(李志兵)38, H. Liang(梁昊)46,a, Y. F. Liang(梁勇飞)36, Y. T. Liang(梁羽铁)24, G. R. Liao(廖广睿)11, D. X. Lin(林德旭)14, B. Liu(刘冰)34, B. J. Liu(刘北江)1, C. X. Liu(刘春秀)1, D. Liu(刘栋)46,a, F. H. Liu(刘福虎)35, Fang Liu(刘芳)1, Feng Liu(刘峰)6, H. B. Liu(刘宏邦)12, H. H. Liu(刘汇慧)16, H. H. Liu(刘欢欢)1, H. M. Liu(刘怀民)1, J. Liu(刘杰)1, J. B. Liu(刘建北)46,a, J. P. Liu(刘觉平)51, J. Y. Liu(刘晶译)1, K. Liu(刘凯)39, K. Y. Liu(刘魁勇)27, L. D. Liu(刘兰雕)31, P. L. Liu(刘佩莲)1,a, Q. Liu(刘倩)41, S. B. Liu(刘树彬)46,a, X. Liu(刘翔)26, Y. B. Liu(刘玉斌)30, Y. Y. Liu(刘媛媛)30, Z. A. Liu(刘振安)1,a, Zhiqing Liu(刘智青)22, H. Loehner25, Y. F. Long(龙云飞)31, X. C. Lou(娄辛丑)1,a,g, H. J. Lu(吕海江)17, J. G. Lu(吕军光)1,a, Y. Lu(卢宇)1, Y. P. Lu(卢云鹏)1,a, C. L. Luo(罗成林)28, M. X. Luo(罗民兴)52, T. Luo42, X. L. Luo(罗小兰)1,a, X. R. Lyu(吕晓睿)41, F. C. Ma(马凤才)27, H. L. Ma(马海龙)1, L. L. Ma(马连良)33, M. M. Ma(马明明)1, Q. M. Ma(马秋梅)1, T. Ma(马天)1, X. N. Ma(马旭宁)30, X. Y. Ma(马骁妍)1,a, Y. M. Ma(马玉明)33, F. E. Maas14, M. Maggiora49A,49C, Q. A. Malik48, Y. J. Mao(冒亚军)31, Z. P. Mao(毛泽普)1, S. Marcello49A,49C, J. G. Messchendorp25, G. Mezzadri21B, J. Min(闵建)1,a, T. J. Min(闵天觉)1, R. E. Mitchell19, X. H. Mo(莫晓虎)1,a, Y. J. Mo(莫玉俊)6, C. Morales Morales14, N. Yu. Muchnoi9,e, H. Muramatsu43, P. Musiol4, Y. Nefedov23, F. Nerling14, I. B. Nikolaev9,e, Z. Ning(宁哲)1,a, S. Nisar8, S. L. Niu(牛顺利)1,a, X. Y. Niu(牛讯伊)1, S. L. Olsen(bsmi馬鵬)32, Q. Ouyang(欧阳群)1,a, S. Pacetti20B, Y. Pan(潘越)46,a, P. Patteri20A, M. Pelizaeus4, H. P. Peng(彭海平)46,a, K. Peters10,i, J. Pettersson50, J. L. Ping(平加伦)28, R. G. Ping(平荣刚)1, R. Poling43, V. Prasad1, H. R. Qi(漆红荣)2, M. Qi(祁鸣)29, S. Qian(钱森)1,a, C. F. Qiao(乔从丰)41, L. Q. Qin(秦丽清)33, N. Qin(覃拈)51, X. S. Qin(秦小帅)1, Z. H. Qin(秦中华)1,a, J. F. Qiu(邱进发)1, K. H. Rashid48, C. F. Redmer22, M. Ripka22, G. Rong(荣刚)1, Ch. Rosner14, X. D. Ruan(阮向东)12, A. Sarantsev23,f, M. Savrié21B, C. Schnier4, K. Schoenning50, S. Schumann22, W. Shan(单葳)31, M. Shao(邵明)46,a, C. P. Shen(沈成平)2, P. X. Shen(沈培迅)30, X. Y. Shen(沈肖雁)1, H. Y. Sheng(盛华义)1, M. Shi(施萌)1, W. M. Song(宋维民)1, X. Y. Song(宋欣颖)1, S. Sosio49A,49C, S. Spataro49A,49C, G. X. Sun(孙功星)1, J. F. Sun(孙俊峰)15, S. S. Sun(孙胜森)1, X. H. Sun(孙新华)1, Y. J. Sun(孙勇杰)46,a, Y. Z. Sun(孙永昭)1, Z. J. Sun(孙志嘉)1,a, Z. T. Sun(孙振田)19, C. J. Tang(唐昌建)36, X. Tang(唐晓)1, I. Tapan40C, E. H. Thorndike44, M. Tiemens25, I. Uman40D, G. S. Varner42, B. Wang(王斌)30, B. L. Wang(王滨龙)41, D. Wang(王东)31, D. Y. Wang(王大勇)31, K. Wang(王科)1,a, L. L. Wang(王亮亮)1, L. S. Wang(王灵淑)1, M. Wang(王萌)33, P. Wang(王平)1, P. L. Wang(王佩良)1, W. Wang(王炜)1,a, W. P. Wang(王维平)46,a, X. F. Wang(王雄飞)39, Y. Wang(王越)37, Y. D. Wang(王雅迪)14, Y. F. Wang(王贻芳)1,a, Y. Q. Wang(王亚乾)22, Z. Wang(王铮)1,a, Z. G. Wang(王志刚)1,a, Z. H. Wang(王志宏)46,a, Z. Y. Wang(王至勇)1, Z. Y. Wang(王宗源)1, T. Weber22, D. H. Wei(魏代会)11, P. Weidenkaff22, S. P. Wen(文硕频)1, U. Wiedner4, M. Wolke50, L. H. Wu(伍灵慧)1, L. J. Wu(吴连近)1, Z. Wu(吴智)1,a, L. Xia(夏磊)46,a, L. G. Xia(夏力钢)39, Y. Xia(夏宇)18, D. Xiao(肖栋)1, H. Xiao(肖浩)47, Z. J. Xiao(肖振军)28, Y. G. Xie(谢宇广)1,a, Q. L. Xiu(修青磊)1,a, G. F. Xu(许国发)1, J. J. Xu(徐静静)1, L. Xu(徐雷)1, Q. J. Xu(徐庆君)13, Q. N. Xu(徐庆年)41, X. P. Xu(徐新平)37, L. Yan(严亮)49A,49C, W. B. Yan(鄢文标)46,a, W. C. Yan(闫文成)46,a, Y. H. Yan(颜永红)18, H. J. Yang(杨海军)34, H. X. Yang(杨洪勋)1, L. Yang(杨柳)51, Y. X. Yang(杨永栩)11, M. Ye(叶梅)1,a, M. H. Ye(叶铭汉)7, J. H. Yin(殷俊昊)1, Z. Y. You(尤郑昀)38, B. X. Yu(俞伯祥)1,a, C. X. Yu(喻纯旭)30, J. S. Yu(俞洁晟)26, C. Z. Yuan(苑长征)1, W. L. Yuan(袁文龙)29, Y. Yuan(袁野)1, A. Yuncu40B,b, A. A. Zafar48, A. Zallo20A, Y. Zeng(曾云)18, Z. Zeng(曾哲)46,a, B. X. Zhang(张丙新)1, B. Y. Zhang(张炳云)1,a, C. Zhang(张驰)29, C. C. Zhang(张长春)1, D. H. Zhang(张达华)1, H. H. Zhang(张宏浩)38, H. Y. Zhang(章红宇)1,a, J. Zhang(张晋)1, J. J. Zhang(张佳佳)1, J. L. Zhang(张杰磊)1, J. Q. Zhang(张敬庆)1, J. W. Zhang(张家文)1,a, J. Y. Zhang(张建勇)1, J. Z. Zhang(张景芝)1, K. Zhang(张坤)1, L. Zhang(张磊)1, S. Q. Zhang(张士权)30, X. Y. Zhang(张学尧)33, Y. Zhang(张瑶)1, Y. H. Zhang(张银鸿)1,a, Y. N. Zhang(张宇宁)41, Y. T. Zhang(张亚腾)46,a, Yu Zhang(张宇)41, Z. H. Zhang(张正好)6, Z. P. Zhang(张子平)46, Z. Y. Zhang(张振宇)51, G. Zhao(赵光)1, J. W. Zhao(赵京伟)1,a, J. Y. Zhao(赵静宜)1, J. Z. Zhao(赵京周)1,a, Lei Zhao(赵雷)46,a, Ling Zhao(赵玲)1, M. G. Zhao(赵明刚)30, Q. Zhao(赵强)1, Q. W. Zhao(赵庆旺)1, S. J. Zhao(赵书俊)53, T. C. Zhao(赵天池)1, Y. B. Zhao(赵豫斌)1,a, Z. G. Zhao(赵政国)46,a, A. Zhemchugov23,c, B. Zheng(郑波)47, J. P. Zheng(郑建平)1,a, W. J. Zheng(郑文静)33, Y. H. Zheng(郑阳恒)41, B. Zhong(钟彬)28, L. Zhou(周莉)1,a, X. Zhou(周详)51, X. K. Zhou(周晓康)46,a, X. R. Zhou(周小蓉)46,a, X. Y. Zhou(周兴玉)1, K. Zhu(朱凯)1, K. J. Zhu(朱科军)1,a, S. Zhu(朱帅)1, S. H. Zhu(朱世海)45, X. L. Zhu(朱相雷)39, Y. C. Zhu(朱莹春)46,a, Y. S. Zhu(朱永生)1, Z. A. Zhu(朱自安)1, J. Zhuang(庄建)1,a, L. Zotti49A,49C, B. S. Zou(邹冰松)1, J. H. Zou(邹佳恒)1
(BESIII Collaboration)
1* Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
2 Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic of China
3 Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, People’s Republic of China
4 Bochum Ruhr-University, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
5 Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
6 Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China
7 China Center of Advanced Science and Technology, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
8 COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
9 G.I. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS (BINP), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
10 GSI Helmholtzcentre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
11 Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People’s Republic of China
12 Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People’s Republic of China
13 Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, People’s Republic of China
14 Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
15 Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People’s Republic of China
16 Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People’s Republic of China
17 Huangshan College, Huangshan 245000, People’s Republic of China
18 Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
19 Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
20 (A)INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044, Frascati, Italy; (B)INFN and University of Perugia, I-06100, Perugia, Italy
21 (A)INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122, Ferrara, Italy; (B)University of Ferrara, I-44122, Ferrara, Italy
22 Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
23 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
24 Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, II. Physikalisches Institut, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
25 KVI-CART, University of Groningen, NL-9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
26 Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
27 Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People’s Republic of China
28 Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
29 Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
30 Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
31 Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
32 Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747 Korea
33 Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
34 Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
35 Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People’s Republic of China
36 Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
37 Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People’s Republic of China
38 Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
39 Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
40 (A)Ankara University, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey; (B)Istanbul Bilgi University, 34060 Eyup, Istanbul, Turkey; (C)Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey; (D)Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
41 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
42 University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
43 University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
44 University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
45 University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, People’s Republic of China
46 University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
47 University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People’s Republic of China
48 University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
49 (A)University of Turin, I-10125, Turin, Italy; (B)University of Eastern Piedmont, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy; (C)INFN, I-10125, Turin, Italy
50 Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
51 Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
52 Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
53 Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
a Also at State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing 100049, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
b Also at Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
c Also at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow 141700, Russia
d Also at the Functional Electronics Laboratory, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
e Also at the Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
f Also at the NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, PNPI, 188300, Gatchina, Russia
g Also at University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
h Also at Istanbul Arel University, 34295 Istanbul, Turkey
i Also at Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
3.66.De, 13.66.Jn
1 Introduction
The state , denoted as in Ref. [2], was first observed by the BaBar experiment [3, 4] in the initial-state-radiation (ISR) process , and was subsequently confirmed by BESII [5], Belle [6] and BESIII [7]. The observation of the stimulated many theoretical explanations of its nature, including a -gluon hybrid [8], an excited state [9], a tetraquark state [10] and a bound state [11]. To study the , a dedicated data set was collected with the BESIII detector [12] at the BEPCII collider in 2015 at the center-of-mass energy () of 2.125 GeV, which is in the vicinity of the peaking cross sections for and decays reported by BaBar [3, 4] and Belle [6].
In this paper, we present a determination of the integrated luminosity of this data set using large-angle Bhabha scattering events . A cross check is performed by analyzing di-photon events . In addition, using the approach described in Ref. [13], we determine the center-of-mass energy using radiative dimuon events , where represents possible ISR or FSR (final state radiation) photons.
2 The BESIII detector
BESIII [12] is a general purpose detector, which is located at the BEPCII facility, a double-ring collider with a peak luminosity of cm*-2s-1* at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV. The BESIII detector covers 93% of the solid angle around the collision point and consists of four main components: 1) A small-cell, helium-based main drift chamber (MDC) with 43 layers providing an average single-hit resolution of 135 m, and charged-particle momentum resolution in a 1 T magnetic field of 0.5% at 1 GeV/; 2) A Time-Of-Flight system (TOF) for particle identification composed of a barrel and two end-caps. The barrel has two layers, each consisting of 88 pieces of 5 cm thick, 2.4 m long plastic scintillator. Each end-cap consists of 96 fan-shaped, 5 cm thick, plastic scintillators. The barrel (end-cap) time resolution of 80 ps (110 ps) provides a separation for momenta up to about 1.0 GeV/; 3) An electromagnetic calorimeter (EMC) consisting of 6240 CsI(Tl) crystals in a cylindrical structure, arranged in one barrel and two end-caps. The energy resolution for 1.0 GeV photons is 2.5% (5%) in the barrel (end-caps), while the position resolution is 6 mm (9 mm) in the barrel (end-caps); 4) A muon counter (MUC) made of nine layers of resistive plate chambers in the barrel and eight layers in each end-cap, which are incorporated in the iron return yoke of the superconducting magnet. The position resolution is about 2 cm. A GEANT4 [14, 15]-based detector simulation package has been developed to model the detector response.
3 Monte Carlo simulation
In order to determine the detection efficiency and estimate background contributions, one million Monte Carlo (MC) events were simulated at GeV for each of the four processes: , , and . The first three processes were generated with the Babayaga 3.5 [16] generator, while was generated with EvtGen [17, 18] according to the ‘LundAreaLaw’ [19, 20].
4 Measurement of the luminosity
4.1 Event selection
To select events, exactly two good tracks with opposite charge were required. Each good charged track was required to pass the interaction point within cm in the beam direction ( cm) and within 1.0 cm in the plane perpendicular to the beam ( cm). Their polar angles were required to satisfy to ensure the tracks were in the barrel part of the detector. The energy deposited in the EMC of each track was required to be greater than , where GeV is the beam energy. To select tracks that were back-to-back in the MDC, and were required, where and are the polar and azimuthal angles of the two tracks, respectively. Comparisons between data and MC simulation are shown in Fig. 4.2.
After applying the above requirements, 33,228,098 events were selected as Bhabha scattering candidates. The background contribution is estimated to be at the level of using MC samples of , and processes, and is ignored in the calculation of the integrated luminosity. The backgrounds from beam-gas interactions are also ignored due to the powerful rejection rate of the trigger system and the distinguishable features of Bhabha events.
4.2 Integrated luminosity
The integrated luminosity is calculated with
[TABLE]
where is the number of observed signal events, is the cross section of the specified process, is the detection efficiency and is the trigger efficiency.
For the Bhabha scattering process, the cross section at GeV is calculated with the Babayaga generator to be nb. Using the large sample of MC simulated events, the detection efficiency is determined to be . The trigger efficiency is 100% with an accuracy of better than 0.1% [21]. The integrated luminosity is determined to be pb*-1*, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second one is systematic, which will be discussed in Section 4.3.
\ruleup
(a)(b)
(c)(d)
(e)(f)\figcaptionDistributions of of (a) and (b) , deposited energy in the EMC of (c) and (d) , (e) and (f) (measured in the laboratory frame of reference). The dots with error bars are for data, while the solid line indicates signal MC simulation.
\ruledown
4.3 Systematic uncertainty
Sources of systematic uncertainty include the requirements on track angles (, , ) and the deposited energy in the EMC, the tracking efficiency, beam energy, MC statistics, trigger efficiency, and the MC generator.
To estimate the systematic uncertainties associated with the related angular requirements, the same selection criteria with alternative quantities were performed, individually, and the resultant (largest) difference with respect to the nominal result taken as the systematic uncertainty: was changed to , resulting in a relative difference to the nominal result of 0.06%; was changed to or , and the systematic uncertainty estimated to be 0.02%; was changed to or , and the associated systematic uncertainty is 0.04%.
The uncertainty associated with the requirement on the deposited energy in the EMC is determined by comparing the detection efficiency between data and MC simulation. The data and MC samples were selected using the selection criteria listed in Section 4.1 except for the deposited energy requirement on the electron/positron. The efficiency is determined by the ratio between the numbers of events with and without the deposited energy requirement. The difference in the detection efficiency between data and signal MC simulation is 0.19% and 0.13% for electrons and positrons, respectively. The sum, 0.32%, is taken as the systematic uncertainty.
For the uncertainty associated with the tracking efficiency, it has been well studied in Ref. [22] by selecting a control sample of Bhabha events with the EMC information only. It was found that the difference between data and MC simulation is 0.41%, which is taken as the systematic uncertainty.
To estimate the systematic uncertainty associated with the beam energy, the luminosity is recalculated with the updated cross section and detection efficiency at the alternative center-of-mass energy of the measured value in Section 5. The difference from the nominal luminosity, 0.18%, is taken as the systematic uncertainty.
The uncertainty from MC statistics is 0.21% and from trigger efficiency is 0.1% [21]. The uncertainty due to the Babayaga generator is given as 0.5% [16].
All individual systematic uncertainties are summarized in Table 4.3. Assuming the individual uncertainties to be independent, the total systematic uncertainty is calculated by adding them quadratically and found to be 0.78%.
\tabcaption
Summary of the systematic uncertainties.
Source Relative uncertainty (%)
0.06
0.02
0.04
Deposited energy requirement 0.32
Tracking efficiency 0.41
Beam energy 0.18
MC statistics 0.21
Trigger efficiency 0.10
Generator 0.50
Total 0.78
4.4 Cross check
As a cross check, an alternative luminosity measurement using events was performed. To select events, candidate events must have two energetic clusters in the EMC. For each cluster, the polar angle was required to satisfy and the deposited energy must be in region . To select clusters that are back-to-back, (defined in Section 4.1) was required. In addition, there should be no good charged tracks satisfying cm and cm. With the selected events, the integrated luminosity is determined to be pb*-1* (statistical only), which is in good agreement with the result obtained using large-angle Bhabha scattering events.
5 Measurement of the center-of-mass energy
5.1 Event selection
To select candidates, we require exactly two good tracks with opposite charge satisfying cm, cm and . To remove Bhabha events, the ratio of the deposited energy in the EMC and the momentum of a charged track, , was required to be less than 0.4. The two tracks should be back-to-back, with the and (defined in Section 4.1) satisfying and . To further suppress background from cosmic rays, ns was required, where is the time of flight of the two charged tracks recorded by the TOF. Figure 5.1 shows the comparisons between data and MC simulation, where the solid line is signal MC and the shaded histogram represents the simulation of background .
With the above requirements, 1,472,195 events were selected in data with an estimated background level of about 1.8%. The small bumps visible in Figs. 5.1 (g) and (h) at about 0.93 GeV/ mainly come from the process. The peak at about 1.07 GeV/ mainly consists of events from the processes and .
\ruleup
(a)(b)
(c)(d)
(e)(f)
(g)(h)
(i)\figcaptionDistributions of of (a) and (b) , (c) , and (d) (measured in the laboratory frame of reference), distributions of (e) and (f) , momentum distributions of (g) and (h) , and (i) distribution. The dots with error bars represent the data, the solid line indicates signal MC simulation, and the shaded histogram represents the MC simulation of .
\ruledown
5.2 Center-of-mass energy
Using the events, the center-of-mass energy of the data set is determined with the method described in Ref. [13].
The center-of-mass energy can be determined with
[TABLE]
where is the reconstructed invariant mass of the selected events, and is the correction for effects of ISR and FSR, which can be estimated using the invariant mass of MC samples with ISR/FSR turned on () and off ():
[TABLE]
By fitting the and distributions of MC samples, the average of is determined to be MeV/, where MeV/, MeV/, and the errors are statistical only. The function fitted to is a Gaussian plus a Crystal Ball function [23] with a common mean, and the function fitted to is a double Gaussian function with a common mean. The fit results are shown in Fig. 5.2. To calculate (and ) as a function of run number, and for each run are fitted with the above same functions.
\ruleup
(a)(b)\figcaptionFit to of MC sample (a) with and (b) without ISR/FSR.
\ruledown
For each run, was fitted in the range [2.0, 2.2] GeV/c2. The signal is described by a Gaussian plus a Crystal Ball function with a common mean, while the background is ignored (about 1.1% in the fit range). As an example, the fit result for run 42030 is shown in Fig. 5.2.
\figcaption
Fit to for run 42030. Dots with error bars are data, while the solid line is the fit result.
was calculated with Eq. 2 and Eq. 3 for each run. The average of for the full data set is determined to be MeV/ by fitting the of different runs with a constant. The distribution as a function of run number and the overall fit result are shown in Fig. 5.2, where 21 runs are excluded in the fit due to large statistical errors (less than 100 entries in the fit range). The values for individual runs are shown in Fig. 5.2 as a histogram, which can be fitted very well with a Gaussian function with the parameters MeV/ and MeV/.
\ruleup
\ruledown
\figcaption
Histogram of for individual runs. The solid line is a Gaussian function.
5.3 Systematic uncertainty
As shown in Section 5.2, MeV/c2 is 0.73 MeV/c2 higher than the input value (2125 MeV/c2). This difference is taken as the systematic uncertainty.
The uncertainty of the momentum measurement of two muon tracks has been studied using in Ref. [13], and is estimated to be 0.011%.
To estimate the uncertainty from the fit to the invariant mass of , the signal shape and fit range were varied and re-calculated. The difference to the nominal result is taken as the systematic uncertainty. The systematic uncertainty from signal shape is estimated to be 0.08 MeV/c2 by replacing the Crystal Ball function in the signal shape with the GaussExp function [24]. The systematic uncertainty from fit range is estimated to be 0.13 MeV/c2 by varying the fit range to [2.00, 2.14] GeV/c2 and [2.10, 2.20] GeV/c2, respectively.
To estimate the uncertainty from the fit to the distribution, fits in different ranges of the run number were carried out. The resultant maximum difference with respect to the nominal value, 0.34 MeV/c2, is taken as the uncertainty.
Assuming all of the above uncertainties are independent, the total systematic uncertainty is calculated to be 0.85 MeV/c2 by adding the individual items in quadrature.
6 Summary
The integrated luminosity of the data taken at 2.125 GeV in 2015 with the BESIII detector is measured to be pb*-1* using large-angle Bhabha events. A cross check with events was performed and the result is pb*-1* (statistical only), which is in good agreement with the nominal result within the uncertainties. With events, the center-of-mass energy of the data set is measured to be MeV. The results in this measurement are important input for physics studies, e.g., studies of decays of the .
Acknowledgements.
The BESIII collaboration would like to thank the staff of BEPCII and the IHEP computing center for their dedicated support.
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