# Andreev tunnelling and Josephson current in light irradiated graphene

## TL;DR

This paper explores how high-frequency light irradiation affects Andreev tunneling and Josephson current in graphene, revealing tunable anisotropic effects and transport properties via Floquet engineering.

## Contribution

It introduces a Floquet-based effective stationary theory to analyze optical control of quantum transport in irradiated graphene, highlighting anisotropic modifications and transport regulation.

## Key findings

- Optical strength causes oscillatory Andreev reflection.
- Polarization direction can suppress or maximize Andreev transport.
- Josephson current can be significantly tuned at charge neutrality.

## Abstract

We investigate the Andreev tunneling and Josephson current in graphene irradiated with high-frequency linearly polarized light. The corresponding stroboscopic dynamics can be solved using Floquet mechanism which results in an effective stationary theory to the problem. It exhibits anisotropy in the Dirac spectrum and modifies the so-called pseudospin-momentum locking in graphene. The Andreev reflection at a normal graphene - superconductor (NS) interface becomes an oscillatory function of the optical strength. Specifically we find that, by varying the polarization direction we can both suppress AR considerably or cause the Andreev transport to remain maximum at sub-gap excitation energies even in the presence of Fermi level mismatch. Furthermore, we study the optical effect on the Andreev bound states (ABS) within a short normal-graphene sheet, sandwiched between two s-wave superconductors. It shows redistribution of the low energy regime in the ABS spectrum, which in turn, has major effect in shaping the Josephson super-current. Subjected to efficient tuning, such current can be sufficiently altered even at the charge neutrality point. Our observations provide useful feedback in regulating the quantum transport in Dirac-like systems, achieved via controlled off-resonant optical irradiation on them.