Topological Photonic Quasicrystals: Fractal Topological Spectrum and Protected Transport

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a new topological phase in two-dimensional photonic quasicrystals, characterized by fractal spectra and protected edge states, achieved through dynamic modulation without magnetic fields, and verified via topological indices and transport robustness.

Contribution

It introduces a novel topological phase in 2D quasicrystals with fractal spectra and unidirectional edge states, achieved through artificial gauge fields and dynamic modulation.

Findings

Existence of fractal topological spectra with minigaps

Presence of robust unidirectional edge states

Topological phase depends on system size, not just unit cell

Abstract

We show that it is possible to have a topological phase in two-dimensional quasicrystals without any magnetic field applied, but instead introducing an artificial gauge field via dynamic modulation. This topological quasicrystal exhibits scatter-free unidirectional edge states that are extended along the system's perimeter, contrary to the states of an ordinary quasicrystal system, which are characterized by power-law decay. We find that the spectrum of this Floquet topological quasicrystal exhibits a rich fractal (self-similar) structure of topological "minigaps," manifesting an entirely new phenomenon: fractal topological systems. These topological minigaps form only when the system size is sufficiently large because their gapless edge states penetrate deep into the bulk. Hence, the topological structure emerges as a function of the system size, contrary to periodic systems where the topological phase can be completely characterized by the unit cell. We demonstrate the existence of this topological phase both by using a topological index (Bott index) and by studying the unidirectional transport of the gapless edge states and its robustness in the presence of defects. Our specific model is a Penrose lattice of helical optical waveguides - a photonic Floquet quasicrystal; however, we expect this new topological quasicrystal phase to be universal.