# On the (parameterized) complexity of recognizing well-covered (r,l)-graphs

## TL;DR

This paper investigates the computational complexity of recognizing well-covered graphs with specific vertex partition properties, classifying most cases into complexity classes and exploring parameterized complexity with respect to various graph parameters.

## Contribution

It provides a comprehensive classification of the complexity of recognizing (r,l)-well-covered graphs and explores their parameterized complexity, including reductions and hardness results.

## Key findings

- Most problems classified as P, coNP-complete, NP-complete, NP-hard, or coNP-hard.
- Open case for WC(r,0)-graphs with r≥3.
- Parameterized problems are coW[2]-hard but solvable in XP-time.

## Abstract

An $(r, \ell)$-partition of a graph $G$ is a partition of its vertex set into $r$ independent sets and $\ell$ cliques. A graph is $(r, \ell)$ if it admits an $(r, \ell)$-partition. A graph is well-covered if every maximal independent set is also maximum. A graph is $(r,\ell)$-well-covered if it is both $(r,\ell)$ and well-covered. In this paper we consider two different decision problems. In the $(r,\ell)$-Well-Covered Graph problem ($(r,\ell)$WCG for short), we are given a graph $G$, and the question is whether $G$ is an $(r,\ell)$-well-covered graph. In the Well-Covered $(r,\ell)$-Graph problem (WC$(r,\ell)$G for short), we are given an $(r,\ell)$-graph $G$ together with an $(r,\ell)$-partition of $V(G)$ into $r$ independent sets and $\ell$ cliques, and the question is whether $G$ is well-covered. We classify most of these problems into P, coNP-complete, NP-complete, NP-hard, or coNP-hard. Only the cases WC$(r,0)$G for $r\geq 3$ remain open. In addition, we consider the parameterized complexity of these problems for several choices of parameters, such as the size $\alpha$ of a maximum independent set of the input graph, its neighborhood diversity, its clique-width, or the number $\ell$ of cliques in an $(r, \ell)$-partition. In particular, we show that the parameterized problem of deciding whether a general graph is well-covered parameterized by $\alpha$ can be reduced to the WC$(0,\ell)$G problem parameterized by $\ell$. In addition, we prove that both problems are coW[2]-hard but can be solved in XP-time.