# Thermal-Diffusional Instability in White Dwarf Flames: Regimes of Flame Pulsation

## TL;DR

This study systematically investigates thermal-diffusional pulsation behaviors in white dwarf carbon flames through numerical simulations, revealing regimes of pulsation stability and instability depending on density, temperature, and propagation direction.

## Contribution

It provides the first detailed regime diagram of flame pulsation in white dwarfs considering curvature and environmental conditions.

## Key findings

- Carbon flames pulsate at specific densities and temperatures.
- Pulsation amplitude increases at lower temperatures.
- Outwardly propagating flames are more prone to pulsation instability.

## Abstract

Thermal-diffusional pulsation behaviors in planar as well as outwardly and inwardly propagating white dwarf carbon flames are systematically studied. In the 1D numerical simulation, the asymptotic degenerate equation of state and simplified one-step reaction rates for nuclear reactions are used to study the flame propagation and pulsation in white dwarfs. The numerical critical Zel'dovich numbers of planar flames at different densities ($\rho=2$, 3 and 4$\times 10^7$~g/cm$^3$) and of spherical flames (with curvature $c=$-0.01, 0, 0.01 and 0.05) at a particular density ($\rho=2\times 10^7$~g/cm$^3$) are presented. Flame front pulsation in different environmental densities and temperatures are obtained to form the regime diagram of pulsation, showing that carbon flames pulsate in the typical density of $2\times10^7~{\rm g/cm^3}$ and temperature of $0.6\times 10^9~{\rm K}$. While being stable at higher temperatures, at relatively lower temperatures the amplitude of the flame pulsation becomes larger. In outwardly propagating spherical flames the pulsation instability is enhanced and flames are also easier to quench due to pulsation at small radius, while the inwardly propagating flames are more stable.