Rapidly star-forming galaxies adjacent to quasars at redshifts exceeding 6
Roberto Decarli, Fabian Walter, Bram P. Venemans, Eduardo Ba\~nados,, Frank Bertoldi, Chris Carilli, Xiaohui Fan, Emanuele Paolo Farina, Chiara, Mazzucchelli, Dominik Riechers, Hans-Walter Rix, Michael Strauss, Ran Wang,, Yujin Yang

TL;DR
This study reports the serendipitous discovery of four bright, star-forming galaxies near quasars at redshifts above 6, showing high star-formation rates without active black hole accretion, which may explain the early formation of massive elliptical galaxies.
Contribution
It provides new observations of companion galaxies to high-redshift quasars with high star-formation rates, expanding understanding of galaxy formation in the early universe.
Findings
Four galaxies with >100 solar masses/year star-formation rates found near quasars at z>6.
Companion galaxies lack evidence of active supermassive black holes.
Close companions are common, found in 4 out of 25 surveyed quasars.
Abstract
The existence of massive ( solar masses) elliptical galaxies by redshift z~4 (when the Universe was 1.5 billion years old) necessitates the presence of galaxies with star-formation rates exceeding 100 solar masses per year at z>6 (corresponding to an age of the Universe of less than 1 billion years). Surveys have discovered hundreds of galaxies at these early cosmic epochs, but their star-formation rates are more than an order of magnitude lower. The only known galaxies with very high star-formation rates at z>6 are, with only one exception, the host galaxies of quasars, but these galaxies also host accreting supermassive (more than solar masses) black holes, which probably affect the properties of the galaxies. Here we report observations of an emission line of singly ionized carbon ([CII] at a wavelength of 158 micrometres) in four galaxies at z>6 that are companions…
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