# Nature of Kinetic Scale Turbulence in the Earth's Magnetosheath

## TL;DR

This paper investigates plasma turbulence at kinetic scales in Earth's magnetosheath, revealing a transition from Alfvénic turbulence to a steeper, more compressible regime near electron scales, with implications for astrophysical plasmas.

## Contribution

It provides a combined observational and theoretical analysis of kinetic scale turbulence, identifying a new inertial kinetic Alfvén wave regime and its spectral characteristics.

## Key findings

- Turbulence below ion gyroscale is similar to solar wind turbulence.
- Near electron scales, turbulence shows increased magnetic compressibility.
- Magnetic fluctuation spectrum follows a $k_ot^{-11/3}$ power law.

## Abstract

We present a combined observational and theoretical analysis to investigate the nature of plasma turbulence at kinetic scales in the Earth's magnetosheath. In the first decade of the kinetic range, just below the ion gyroscale, the turbulence was found to be similar to that in the upstream solar wind: predominantly anisotropic, low-frequency and kinetic Alfv\'en in nature. A key difference, however, is that the magnetosheath ions are typically much hotter than the electrons, $T_\mathrm{i}\gg T_\mathrm{e}$, which, together with $\beta_\mathrm{i}\sim 1$, leads to a change in behaviour in the second decade, close to electron scales. The turbulence here is characterised by an increased magnetic compressibility, following a mode we term the inertial kinetic Alfv\'en wave, and a steeper spectrum of magnetic fluctuations, consistent with the prediction $E_B(k_\perp)\propto k_\perp^{-11/3}$ that we obtain from a set of nonlinear equations. This regime of plasma turbulence may also be relevant for other astrophysical environments with $T_\mathrm{i}\gg T_\mathrm{e}$, such as the solar corona, hot accretion flows, and regions downstream of collisionless shocks.