# Mass differences and neutron pairing in Ca, Sn and Pb isotopes

## TL;DR

This paper analyzes the even-odd mass differences in Ca, Sn, and Pb isotopes, exploring how neutron pairing and shell effects influence nuclear mass properties.

## Contribution

It provides a detailed examination of neutron pairing effects and shell structure influence on nuclear masses using experimental data.

## Key findings

- Neutron pairing effects vary with neutron number.
- Shell closures significantly impact mass differences.
- External neutron subshell properties correlate with energy gaps.

## Abstract

Various estimates of the even-odd effect of the mass shell of atomic nuclei are considered. Based on the experimental mass values of the Ca, Sn, and Pb isotopes, the dependence of the energy gap on the neutrons number is traced and the relationship of this characteristic to the properties of external neutron subshells is shown. In nuclei with closed proton shells, effects directly related to neutron pairing and effects of nucleon shells are discussed.