# Computational simulation of bone remodelling post reverse total shoulder arthroplasty

## TL;DR

This paper presents a computational model simulating bone remodelling after reverse shoulder arthroplasty, helping understand how bone adapts to altered loading conditions to improve implant fixation.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel finite element-based computational model that accounts for bone remodelling in response to shoulder implant procedures, validated with benchmark problems.

## Key findings

- Model accurately predicts bone density changes post-surgery
- Remodelling response varies with loading conditions
- Provides insights for improving implant design

## Abstract

Bone is a living material. It adapts, in an optimal sense, to loading by changing its density and trabeculae architecture - a process termed remodelling. Implanted orthopaedic devices can significantly alter the loading on the surrounding bone, which can have a detrimental impact on bone ingrowth that is critical to ensure secure implant fixation. In this contribution, a computational model that accounts for bone remodelling is developed to elucidate the response of bone following a reverse shoulder procedure for rotator cuff deficient patients. The physical process of remodelling is modelled using continuum scale, open system thermodynamics whereby the density of bone evolves isotropically in response to the loading it experiences. The fully-nonlinear continuum theory is solved approximately using the finite element method. The code developed to model the reverse shoulder procedure is validated using a series of benchmark problems.