# Layer-by-layer assembly of patchy particles as a route to non-trivial structures

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a layer-by-layer assembly method for patchy particles using DNA functionalization, enabling the robust formation of complex periodic structures like the Double Diamond lattice through simulations.

## Contribution

It presents a novel layer-by-layer protocol combined with specific patch interactions for high-quality self-assembly of complex structures, demonstrated via simulations.

## Key findings

- Successful in silico assembly of Double Diamond lattice
- Ability to convert lattice to Cubic Diamond by particle removal
- Enhanced robustness and quality of self-assembled structures

## Abstract

We propose a new strategy for robust high-quality self-assembly of non-trivial periodic structures out of patchy particles, and investigate it with Brownian Dynamics (BD) simulations. Its first element is the use of specific patch-patch and shell-shell interactions between the particles, that can be implemented through differential functionalization of patched and shell regions with specific DNA strands. The other key element of our approach is the use of layer-by-layer protocol that allows to avoid a formations of undesired random aggregates. As an example, we design and self-assemble in silico a version of a Double Diamond (DD) lattice in which four particle types are arranged into BCC crystal made of four FCC sub-lattices. The lattice can be further converted to Cubic Diamond (CD) by selective removal of the particles of certain types. Our results demonstrate that by combining the directionality, selectivity of interactions and the layer-by-layer protocol, a high-quality robust self-assembly can be achieved.