# Public transportation in UK viewed as a complex network

## TL;DR

This study analyzes UK public transport networks using complex network theory, revealing stability characteristics and fractal properties that can inform improvements in efficiency and resilience.

## Contribution

First to assess the stability of UK national public transport networks using complex network methods and fractal analysis.

## Key findings

- Identified stability differences among UK PTNs
- Revealed fractal properties related to station service areas
- Proposed key performance indicators based on network features

## Abstract

In this paper we investigate the topological and spatial features of public transport networks (PTN) within the UK. Networks investigated include London, Manchester, West Midlands, Bristol, national rail and coach networks during 2011. Using methods in complex network theory and statistical physics we are able to discriminate PTNs with respect to their stability; which is the first of this kind for national networks. Moreover, taking advantage of various fractal properties we gain useful insights into the serviceable area of stations. These features can be employed as key performance indicators in aid of further developing efficient and stable PTNs.