# Well-conditioned frames for high order finite element methods

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel frame-based representation for high order $C^0$ finite element spaces on simplicial meshes, ensuring bounded $L^2$ condition numbers regardless of polynomial degree, which improves numerical stability.

## Contribution

It presents the first known construction of frame representations with degree-independent condition numbers for high order finite element methods.

## Key findings

- Constructed frames with bounded $L^2$ condition number independent of polynomial degree
- Utilized bubble transform and Jacobi polynomial properties for the construction
- Discussed implications for preconditioned iterative methods in finite element analysis

## Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to discuss representations of high order $C^0$ finite element spaces on simplicial meshes in any dimension. When computing with high order piecewise polynomials the conditioning of the basis is likely to be important. The main result of this paper is a construction of representations by frames such that the associated $L^2$ condition number is bounded independently of the polynomial degree. To our knowledge, such a representation has not been presented earlier. The main tools we will use for the construction is the bubble transform, introduced previously in [Falk and Winther, Found Comput Math (2016) 16: 297], and properties of Jacobi polynomials on simplexes in higher dimensions. We also include a brief discussion of preconditioned iterative methods for the finite element systems in the setting of representations by frames.