# AMD-stability in presence of first order Mean Motion Resonances

## TL;DR

This paper extends the AMD-stability criterion to include first order mean-motion resonances, providing a unified stability criterion that accounts for resonance overlap and short-term chaos in planetary systems.

## Contribution

It introduces a new overlap criterion for first order MMR and refines AMD-stability to incorporate chaos from resonance overlap, unifying previous stability criteria.

## Key findings

- Derived a new resonance overlap criterion for first order MMR.
- Unified existing stability criteria into a comprehensive framework.
- Applied the improved AMD-stability to real multi-planet systems.

## Abstract

The AMD-stability criterion allows to discriminate between a-priori stable planetary systems and systems for which the stability is not granted and needs further investigations. AMD-stability is based on the conservation of the Angular Momentum Deficit (AMD) in the averaged system at all orders of averaging. While the AMD criterion is rigorous, the conservation of the AMD is only granted in absence of mean-motion resonances (MMR). Here we extend the AMD-stability criterion to take into account mean-motion resonances, and more specifically the overlap of first order MMR. If the MMR islands overlap, the system will experience generalized chaos leading to instability. The Hamiltonian of two massive planets on coplanar quasi-circular orbits can be reduced to an integrable one degree of freedom problem for period ratios close to a first order MMR. We use the reduced Hamiltonian to derive a new overlap criterion for first order MMR. This stability criterion unifies the previous criteria proposed in the literature and admits the criteria obtained for initially circular and eccentric orbits as limit cases. We then improve the definition of AMD-stability to take into account the short term chaos generated by MMR overlap. We analyze the outcome of this improved definition of AMD-stability on selected multi-planet systems from the Extrasolar Planets Encyclopeadia.