# Dust and Gas in Star Forming Galaxies at z~3 - Extending Galaxy Uniformity to 11.5 Billion Years

## TL;DR

This study measures dust and gas properties of z~3 star-forming galaxies, confirming that their characteristics align with lower-redshift galaxies, thus extending the understanding of galaxy uniformity over 11.5 billion years.

## Contribution

First fully sampled infrared SEDs of individual, unlensed, UV-selected main sequence galaxies at z~3, with consistent molecular gas mass estimates from multiple methods.

## Key findings

- Gas depletion time-scale ~0.35 Gyr
- Gas-to-stellar mass ratio ~0.5-1
- Properties consistent with lower-redshift galaxy trends

## Abstract

We present millimetre dust emission measurements of two Lyman Break Galaxies at z~3 and construct for the first time fully sampled infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs), from mid-IR to the Rayleigh-Jeans tail, of individually detected, unlensed, UV-selected, main sequence (MS) galaxies at $z=3$. The SED modelling of the two sources confirms previous findings, based on stacked ensembles, of an increasing mean radiation field <U> with redshift, consistent with a rapidly decreasing gas metallicity in z > 2 galaxies. Complementing our study with CO[3-2] emission line observations, we measure the molecular gas mass (M_H2) reservoir of the systems using three independent approaches: 1) CO line observations, 2) the dust to gas mass ratio vs metallicity relation and 3) a single band, dust emission flux on the Rayleigh-Jeans side of the SED. All techniques return consistent M_H2 estimates within a factor of ~2 or less, yielding gas depletion time-scales (tau_dep ~ 0.35 Gyrs) and gas-to-stellar mass ratios (M_H2/M* ~ 0.5-1) for our z~3 massive MS galaxies. The overall properties of our galaxies are consistent with trends and relations established at lower redshifts, extending the apparent uniformity of star-forming galaxies over the last 11.5 billion years.