# Multiplicity and disks within the high-mass core NGC7538IRS1: Resolving cm line and continuum emission at ~0.06"x0.05" resolution

## TL;DR

This study uses high-resolution VLA observations to resolve multiple disks and hypercompact HII regions within the high-mass star-forming core NGC7538IRS1, revealing complex binary and disk structures at ~150AU scales.

## Contribution

First high-resolution (0.06"x0.05") VLA imaging of NGC7538IRS1 revealing multiple disks and hypercompact HII regions, advancing understanding of high-mass binary and disk formation.

## Key findings

- Identification of two hypercompact HII regions separated by ~430AU.
- Detection of a common rotating envelope indicating a high-mass binary system.
- Observation of two distinct velocity gradients across the HII regions, suggesting separate disk-like structures.

## Abstract

Context: High-mass stars have a high degree of multiplicity and most likely form via disk accretion processes. The detailed physics of the binary and disk formation are still poorly constrained. Methods: Using the VLA in its most extended configuration at ~24GHz toward the prototypical high-mass star-forming region NGC7538IRS1 has allowed us to study the NH3 and thermal CH3OH emission and absorption as well as the cm continuum emission at an unprecedented spatial resolution of 0.06"x0.05", corresponding to a linear resolution of ~150AU at a distance of 2.7kpc. Results: A comparison of these new cm continuum data with previous VLA observations from 23yrs ago reveals no recognizable proper motions. If the emission were caused by a protostellar jet, proper motion signatures should have been easily identified. In combination with the high spectral indices S~nu^{alpha} (alpha between 1 and 2), this allows us to conclude that the continuum emission is from two hypercompact HII regions separated in projection by about 430AU. The NH3 spectral line data reveal a common rotating envelope indicating a bound high-mass binary system. In addition to this, the thermal CH3OH data show two separate velocity gradients across the two hypercompact HII regions. This indicates two disk-like structures within the same rotating circumbinary envelope. Disk and envelope structures are inclined by ~33deg, which can be explained by initially varying angular momentum distributions within the natal, turbulent cloud. Conclusions: Studying high-mass star formation at sub-0.1" resolution allows us to isolate multiple sources as well as to separate circumbinary from disk-like rotating structures.