# Non-Markovianity by undersampling in quantum optical simulators

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new type of non-Markovian behavior in quantum systems caused by undersampling of dynamical trajectories, demonstrated through an all-optical quantum simulator with a polarization qubit.

## Contribution

It identifies and characterizes non-Markovianity by undersampling as a novel source of quantum non-Markovian effects, expanding understanding of open quantum system dynamics.

## Key findings

- Non-Markovianity by undersampling occurs when the full set of trajectories is not explored.
- Demonstrated in an all-optical quantum simulator with a polarization qubit.
- Highlights a new mechanism for non-Markovian behavior in quantum systems.

## Abstract

We unveil a novel source of non-Markovianity for the dynamics of quantum systems, which appears when the system does not explore the full set of dynamical trajectories in the interaction with its environment. We term this effect non-Markovianity by undersampling and demonstrate its appearance in the operation of an all-optical quantum simulator involving a polarization qubit interacting with a dephasing fluctuating environment.