# Resonance control of graphene drum resonator in nonlinear regime by standing wave of light

## TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how standing light waves can control the nonlinear resonance behavior of graphene drum resonators through photothermal effects, enabling precise modulation of their oscillation characteristics.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel method of resonance control in graphene resonators using standing light waves and photothermal effects, differing from traditional nonlinear modulation techniques.

## Key findings

- Resonance characteristics can be modulated by standing light waves.
- Photothermal effects induce delayed stress modulation in graphene.
- Control is effective even with small amplitude variations.

## Abstract

We demonstrate the control of resonance characteristics of a drum type graphene mechanical resonator in nonlinear oscillation regime by the photothermal effect, which is induced by a standing wave of light between a graphene and a substrate. Unlike the conventional Duffing type nonlinearity, the resonance characteristics in nonlinear oscillation regime is modulated by the standing wave of light despite a small variation amplitude. From numerical calculations with a combination of equations of heat and motion with Duffing type nonlinearity, this can be explained that the photothermal effect causes delayed modulation of stress or tension of the graphene.