# Characterization of a Deuterium-Deuterium Plasma Fusion Neutron Generator

## TL;DR

This paper thoroughly characterizes the neutron output of a deuterium-deuterium plasma fusion generator, including energy spectrum, flux dependence on operational parameters, and angular distribution, supported by experimental data and detailed simulations.

## Contribution

It provides the first detailed experimental and simulation-based analysis of neutron spectra, flux, and angular distribution for this specific plasma fusion neutron generator.

## Key findings

- Neutron energy spectrum peaks at 2.2 MeV and 2.7 MeV.
- Approximately 3.5% of neutrons are from deuterium-tritium fusion.
- Neutron flux scales with voltage as V^{3.32} and with current as I^{0.97}.

## Abstract

We characterize the neutron output of a deuterium-deuterium plasma fusion neutron generator, model 35-DD-W-S, manufactured by NSD/Gradel-Fusion. The measured energy spectrum is found to be dominated by neutron peaks at 2.2 MeV and 2.7 MeV. A detailed GEANT4 simulation accurately reproduces the measured energy spectrum and confirms our understanding of the fusion process in this generator. Additionally, a contribution of 14.1 MeV neutrons from deuterium-tritium fusion is found at a level of~$3.5\%$, from tritium produced in previous deuterium-deuterium reactions. We have measured both the absolute neutron flux as well as its relative variation on the operational parameters of the generator. We find the flux to be proportional to voltage $V^{3.32 \pm 0.14}$ and current $I^{0.97 \pm 0.01}$. Further, we have measured the angular dependence of the neutron emission with respect to the polar angle. We conclude that it is well described by isotropic production of neutrons within the cathode field cage.