# Sprinkler: Maximizing Resource Utilization in Many-Chip Solid State Disks

## TL;DR

Sprinkler is a novel SSD controller that enhances resource utilization and performance in many-chip SSDs by optimizing I/O scheduling and flash-level parallelism without additional NAND chips.

## Contribution

It introduces Sprinkler, a device-level controller that relaxes parallelism dependencies and improves flash-level parallelism, leading to significant performance gains.

## Key findings

- At least 56.6% shorter latency
- 1.8 to 2.2 times better throughput
- 68.8% improvement in resource utilization

## Abstract

Resource utilization is one of the emerging problems in many-chip SSDs. In this paper, we propose Sprinkler, a novel device-level SSD controller, which targets maximizing resource utilization and achieving high performance without additional NAND flash chips. Specifically, Sprinkler relaxes parallelism dependency by scheduling I/O requests based on internal resource layout rather than the order imposed by the device-level queue. In addition, Sprinkler improves flash-level parallelism and reduces the number of transactions (i.e., improves transactional-locality) by over-committing flash memory requests to specific resources. Our extensive experimental evaluation using a cycle-accurate large-scale SSD simulation framework shows that a many-chip SSD equipped with our Sprinkler provides at least 56.6% shorter latency and 1.8 ~ 2.2 times better throughput than the state-of-the-art SSD controllers. Further, it improves overall resource utilization by 68.8% under different I/O request patterns and provides, on average, 80.2% more flash-level parallelism by reducing half of the flash memory requests at runtime.