# Instrumentation for nuclear magnetic resonance in zero and ultralow magnetic field

## TL;DR

This paper reviews instrumentation for zero and ultralow magnetic field NMR using SERF atomic magnetometers, highlighting their sensitivity and potential for precise chemical and spin precession measurements.

## Contribution

It introduces the use of low-cost, non-cryogenic SERF magnetometers for NMR in ultra-low magnetic fields, expanding capabilities for chemical analysis and fundamental studies.

## Key findings

- Sensitivity of 20-30 fT/Hz^{1/2} for low-frequency signals
- NMR linewidths from Hz to tens of mHz
- Enables precise measurements of nuclear spin interactions

## Abstract

We review instrumentation for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in zero and ultra-low magnetic field (ZULF, below 0.1 $\mu$T) where detection is based on a low-cost, non-cryogenic, spin-exchange relaxation free (SERF) $^{87}$Rb atomic magnetometer. The typical sensitivity is 20-30 fT/Hz$^{1/2}$ for signal frequencies below 1 kHz and NMR linewidths range from Hz all the way down to tens of mHz. These features enable precision measurements of chemically informative nuclear spin-spin couplings as well as nuclear spin precession in ultra-low magnetic fields.