Measurement of multi-particle azimuthal correlations in $pp$, $p$+Pb and low-multiplicity Pb+Pb collisions with the ATLAS detector
ATLAS Collaboration
TL;DR
This paper measures multi-particle azimuthal correlations in different collision systems to investigate collective behavior, finding evidence in p+Pb and Pb+Pb but not in pp collisions, with results consistent across energies.
Contribution
It provides a comparative analysis of multi-particle cumulants across pp, p+Pb, and Pb+Pb collisions, highlighting the presence or absence of collective phenomena.
Findings
Collective phenomena confirmed in p+Pb and Pb+Pb collisions.
No evidence of collective behavior in pp collisions for four-particle cumulants.
Fourier harmonics depend on the collision system and multiplicity, with the largest in Pb+Pb.
Abstract
Multi-particle cumulants and corresponding Fourier harmonics are measured for azimuthal angle distributions of charged particles in collisions at = 5.02 and 13 TeV and in +Pb collisions at = 5.02 TeV, and compared to the results obtained for low-multiplicity Pb+Pb collisions at = 2.76 TeV. These measurements aim to assess the collective nature of particle production. The measurements of multi-particle cumulants confirm the evidence for collective phenomena in +Pb and low-multiplicity Pb+Pb collisions. On the other hand, the results for four-particle cumulants do not demonstrate collective behaviour, indicating that they may be biased by contributions from non-flow correlations. A comparison of multi-particle cumulants and derived Fourier harmonics across different collision systems is presented as a function of the…
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