# Extended social force model with a dynamic navigation field for bidirectional pedestrian flow

## TL;DR

This paper introduces an extended social force model incorporating a dynamic navigation field to simulate bidirectional pedestrian flow, capturing collective behaviors like lane formation and congestion effects.

## Contribution

The paper presents a novel extension to the social force model by integrating a dynamic navigation field, enhancing the simulation of pedestrian decision-making and flow patterns.

## Key findings

- Model accurately reproduces multilane flow phenomena
- Dynamic path choice influences congestion probability
- Validation against camera observations confirms model effectiveness

## Abstract

An extended social force model with a dynamic navigation field is proposed to study bidirectional pedestrian movement. The dynamic navigation field is introduced to describe the desired direction of pedestrian motion resulting from the decision-making processes of pedestrians. The macroscopic fundamental diagrams obtained using the extended model are validated against camera-based observations. Numerical results show that this extended model can reproduce collective phenomena in pedestrian traffic, such as dynamic multilane flow and stable separate-lane flow. Pedestrians' path choice behavior significantly affects the probability of congestion and the number of self-organized lanes.