The evolving system of Trypillian settlements

TL;DR

This paper introduces a stochastic evolution model to analyze the settlement system of the Trypillia culture, providing more reliable insights than traditional rank-size approaches, and aligns well with archaeological data and palaeoeconomy reconstructions.

Contribution

It presents a novel stochastic model for interpreting archaeological settlement data, improving reliability over traditional rank-size analyses.

Findings

Model accurately explains settlement size distribution from 0.05 to 500 ha.

Provides estimates for typical settlement size and growth rates.

Results align with palaeoeconomy reconstructions.

Abstract

Archaeological settlement systems are usually analysed in terms of the relation between the rank of a settlement and its size (Zipf's law). We argue that this approach is unreliable, and can be misleading, in application to archaeological data where the recovery rate of settlements can be low and their size estimates are often approximate at best. An alternative framework for the settlement data interpretation, better connected with the theoretical concepts of the stochastic evolution of settlement systems, is applied to the evolving system of settlements of the Late Neolithic-Bronze Age Trypillia cultural complex (5,400-2,800 BC) in modern Ukraine. The stochastic evolution model provides a consistent and accurate explanation of the frequency of occurrence of Trypillian settlement areas in the range from 0.05 to 500 ha. Thus validated, the model leads to reliable estimates of the typical size of a newly formed settlement as well as the growth rates of the total number of settlements and their areas. The parameters of the settlement system thus revealed are consistent with palaeoeconomy reconstructions for the Trypillia area.