# Ultrafocused Electromagnetic Field Pulses with a Hollow Cylindrical Waveguide

## TL;DR

This paper demonstrates theoretically that a dipole inside a hollow cylindrical waveguide can generate a train of ultrashort, ultrafocused electromagnetic pulses through spectral filtering and mode excitation, with potential for outside propagation.

## Contribution

It introduces a method to produce trains of ultrashort, focused electromagnetic pulses using a dipole in a cylindrical waveguide, exploiting spectral filtering and mode coherence.

## Key findings

- Ultrashort pulses can be generated inside the waveguide.
- Focused pulses persist outside at distances comparable to the waveguide radius.
- The method allows for arbitrary shortness of the pulses.

## Abstract

We theoretically show that an externally driven dipole placed inside a cylindrical hollow waveguide can generate a train of ultrashort and ultrafocused electromagnetic pulses. The waveguide encloses vacuum with perfect electric conducting walls. A dipole driven by a single short pulse, which is properly engineered to exploit the linear spectral filtering of the cylindrical hollow waveguide, excites longitudinal waveguide modes that are coherently re-focused at some particular instances of time. A dipole driven by a pulse with a lower-bounded temporal width can thus generate, in principle, a finite train of arbitrarily short and focused electromagnetic pulses. We numerically show that such ultrafocused pulses persist outside the cylindrical waveguide at distances comparable to its radius.