# Time-dependent analysis of the mixed-field orientation of molecules without rotational symmetry

## TL;DR

This paper provides a theoretical analysis of the time-dependent orientation of asymmetric molecules in combined laser and electric fields, aligning with recent experiments and predicting 3D orientation under certain conditions.

## Contribution

It introduces a detailed theoretical framework for analyzing the non-adiabatic dynamics of asymmetric molecules in mixed fields, extending previous experimental findings.

## Key findings

- Good agreement with experimental 1D orientation results
- Prediction of 3D orientation with elliptically polarized laser fields
- Identification of non-adiabatic effects in rotational dynamics

## Abstract

We present a theoretical study of the mixed-field orientation of molecules without rotational symmetry. The time-dependent one-dimensional and three-dimensional orientation of a thermal ensemble of 6-chloropyridazine-3-carbonitrile molecules in combined linearly or elliptically polarized laser fields and tilted dc electric fields is computed. The results are in good agreement with recent experimental results of one-dimensional orientation for weak dc electric fields [J. Chem. Phys. 139, 234313 (2013)]. Moreover, they predict that using elliptically polarized laser fields or strong dc fields three-dimensional orientation is obtained. The field-dressed dynamics of excited rotational states is characterized by highly non-adiabatic effects. We analyze the sources of these non-adiabatic effects and investigate their impact on the mixed-field orientation for different field configurations in mixed-field-orientation experiments.