Cross-stream migration of a surfactant-laden deformable droplet in a Poiseuille flow

TL;DR

This study analytically investigates how surfactant distribution affects the migration of deformable droplets in Poiseuille flow, revealing different behaviors under surface diffusion and convection dominance.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analytical framework for understanding droplet migration considering surfactant transport mechanisms and viscosity ratios, highlighting new insights into surfactant effects.

Findings

Axial velocity decreases with increased surface advection in diffusion-dominated limit.

Cross-stream migration velocity varies with surfactant distribution and viscosity ratio regimes.

In convection-dominated limit, axial velocity is unaffected by surfactant distribution.

Abstract

The motion of a viscous deformable droplet suspended in an unbounded Poiseuille flow in the presence of bulk-insoluble surfactants is studied analytically. Assuming the convective transport of fluid and heat to be negligible, we perform a small-deformation perturbation analysis to obtain the droplet migration velocity. The droplet dynamics strongly depends on the distribution of surfactants along the droplet interface, which is governed by the relative strength of convective transport of surfactants as compared with the diffusive transport of surfactants. The present study is focused on the following two limits: (i) when the surfactant transport is dominated by surface diffusion, and (ii) when the surfactant transport is dominated by surface convection. In the first limiting case, it is seen that the axial velocity of the droplet decreases with increase in the advection of the surfactants along the surface. The variation of cross-stream migration velocity, on the other hand, is analyzed over three different regimes based on the ratio of the viscosity of the droplet phase to that of the carrier phase. In the first regime the migration velocity decreases with increase in surface advection of the surfactants although there is no change in direction of droplet migration. For the second regime, the direction of the cross-stream migration of the droplet changes depending on different parameters. In the third regime, the migration velocity is merely affected by any change in the surfactant distribution. For the other limit of higher surface advection in comparison to surface diffusion of the surfactants, the axial velocity of the droplet is found to be independent of the surfactant distribution. However, the cross-stream velocity is found to decrease with increase in non-uniformity in surfactant distribution.