# Role of Structural Morphology in Urban Heat Islands at Night Time

## TL;DR

This study demonstrates that urban structural morphology, including building distribution and sky view factor, significantly influences nocturnal urban heat islands across diverse cities, surpassing population size as a key factor.

## Contribution

It introduces a simple heat radiation model linking urban geometry to UHI intensity, validated with multi-year data from over 50 cities worldwide.

## Key findings

- Structural morphology explains city-to-city UHI variations.
- UHI-morphology relation is stronger than UHI-population relation.
- Morphology-based model accurately predicts nocturnal UHI.

## Abstract

We study the dependence of the intensity of the urban heat island (UHI) on urban geometry. UHI is a urban climate phenomenon referring to the air temperature difference between rural and urban areas. We use multi-year data for urban-rural temperature differences, combined with building footprint data and a simple heat radiation scaling model to demonstrate for more than 50 cities world-wide that structural morphology -- measured by a building distribution function and the sky view factor -- explains city-to-city variations in nocturnal UHI. Our results show that the relation between UHI and the morphology is significantly stronger than the one with population, which in the past has been considered as the dominant factor.