# Nucleon-anti-nucleon intruder state of Dirac equation for nucleon in deep scalar potential well

## TL;DR

This paper investigates the Dirac equation for a nucleon in a deep scalar potential well, revealing the emergence of an intruder state with unique nucleon-anti-nucleon characteristics and energy properties.

## Contribution

It introduces the concept of an intruder state in the Dirac equation for nucleons in deep scalar potentials, detailing its wave function behavior and energy independence from potential depth.

## Key findings

- Intruder state appears at deep potentials with dominant anti-nucleon component.
- The intruder state's energy is approximately proportional to 1/r_0.
- Wave functions of the intruder state are narrowly localized around r_0.

## Abstract

We solve the Dirac radial equation for a nucleon in a scalar Woods-Saxon potential well of depth $V_0$ and radius $r_0$. A sequence of values for the depth and radius are considered. For shallow potentials with $-1000 MeV\lesssim V_0 < 0$ the wave functions for the positive-energy states $\Psi _+(r)$ are dominated by their nucleon component $g(r)$. But for deeper potentials with $V_0 \lesssim -1500 MeV $ the $\Psi_+(r)$s begin to have dominant anti-nucleon component $f(r)$. In particular, a special intruder state enters with wave function $\Psi_{1/2}(r)$ and energy $E_{1/2}$. We have considered several $r_0$ values between 2 and 8 fm. For $V_0 \lesssim -2000 MeV$ and the above $r_0$ values, $\Psi _{1/2}$ is the only bound positive-energy state and has its $g(r)$ closely equal to $-f(r)$, both having a narrow wave-packet shape centered around $r_0$. The $E_{1/2}$ of this state is practically independent of $V_0$ for the above $V_0$ range and obeys closely the relation $E_{1/2}=\frac{\hbar c}{r_0}$.