# Angular Dependent Magnetization Dynamics of Kagome Artificial Spin Ice Incorporating Topological Defects

## TL;DR

This study investigates how the magnetization dynamics in kagome artificial spin ice vary with angle, revealing the influence of topological defects and differences caused by interconnected versus isolated nanobars.

## Contribution

It provides the first detailed analysis of angular-dependent spin-wave spectra in interconnected kagome artificial spin ice, highlighting the role of topological defects and vertex presence.

## Key findings

- Resonance spectra depend on in-plane angle and magnetic state.
- Topological defects influence magnetization reversal and spin-wave modes.
- Interconnected nanobars show different spin-wave characteristics compared to isolated ones.

## Abstract

We report angular-dependent spin-wave spectroscopy on kagome artificial spin ice made of large arrays of interconnected Ni80Fe20 nanobars. Spectra taken in saturated and disordered states exhibit a series of resonances with characteristic in-plane angular dependencies. Micromagnetic simulations allow us to interpret characteristic resonances of a two-step magnetization reversal of the nanomagnets. The dynamic properties are consistent with topological defects that are provoked via a magnetic field applied at specific angles. Simulations that we performed on previously investigated kagome artificial spin ice consisting of isolated nanobars show characteristic discrepancies in the spin wave modes which we explain by the absence of vertices.