# Dust dynamics and evolution in HII regions - II. Effects of dynamical coupling between dust and gas

## TL;DR

This study models dust and gas dynamics in expanding HII regions, highlighting the importance of dust-gas momentum transfer, which accelerates expansion and alters dust distribution compared to frozen dust assumptions.

## Contribution

It introduces a dynamical model including dust-gas momentum transfer, revealing its significant impact on HII region evolution and dust morphology.

## Key findings

- Expansion time reduced by a factor of 1.5 with dust-gas coupling.
- Deep gas cavities are less pronounced when dust drift is considered.
- Dust-to-gas ratio decreases significantly in ionized regions due to dust drift.

## Abstract

In this paper, we extend the study initiated in PaperI by modelling grain ensemble evolution in a dynamical model of an expanding HII region and checking the effects of momentum transfer from dust to gas. The radiation pressure on the dust, the dust drift, and the lug on the gas by the dust are all important process that should be considered simultaneously to describe the dynamics of HII regions. With accounting for the momentum transfer from the dust to the gas, the expansion time of the HII region is notably reduced (for our model of RCW120, the time to reach the observed radius of the HII region is reduced by a factor of 1.5). Under the common approximation of frozen dust, where there is no relative drift between the dust and gas, the radiation pressure from the ionizing star drives the formation of the very deep gas cavity near the star. Such a cavity is much less pronounced when the dust drift is taken into account. The dust drift leads to the two-peak morphology of the dust density distribution and significantly reduces the dust-to-gas ratio in the ionized region (by a factor of 2 to 10). The dust-to-gas ratio is larger for higher temperatures of the ionizing star since the dust grains have a larger electric charge and are more strongly coupled to the gas.