# Axisymmetric spreading of surfactant from a point source

## TL;DR

This paper theoretically analyzes the steady axisymmetric flow caused by surfactant spreading from a point source on a fluid interface, distinguishing between adsorbed and dissolved phases and deriving universal flow profiles.

## Contribution

The study provides a self-similar analytical model for Marangoni-driven flow due to surfactant spreading, highlighting differences between adsorbed and dissolved phases.

## Key findings

- Flow velocity decays as r^{-3/5} for adsorbed phase
- Flow velocity decays as r^{-1} for dissolved phase
- Universal flow profiles are identified for both cases

## Abstract

Guided by computation, we theoretically calculate the steady flow driven by Marangoni stress due to surfactant introduced on a fluid interface at a constant rate. Two separate extreme cases, where the surfactant dynamics is dominated by the adsorbed phase or the dissolved phase are considered. We focus on the case where the size of the surfactant source is much smaller than the size of the fluid domain, and the resulting Marangoni stress overwhelms viscous forces so that the flow is strongest in a boundary layer close to the interface. We derive the resulting flow in a region much larger than the surfactant source but smaller than the domain size is described by approximating it with a self-similar profile. The radially outward component of fluid velocity decays with the radial distance $r$ as $r^{-3/5}$ when the surfactant spreads in an adsorbed phase, and as $r^{-1}$ when it spreads in a dissolved phase. Universal flow profiles that are independent of the system parameters emerge in both the cases. Three hydrodynamic signatures are identified to distinguish between the two cases and verify the applicability of our analysis with successively stringent tests.