# Penrose junction conditions extended: impulsive waves with gyratons

## TL;DR

This paper extends Penrose's junction conditions to impulsive gravitational waves with gyratons, incorporating angular momentum effects in various constant curvature spacetimes, and provides a new continuous metric form.

## Contribution

It introduces a generalized junction condition framework for impulsive waves with gyratons, including a transformation to a Lipschitz continuous metric form.

## Key findings

- Extended Penrose junction conditions for gyratons.
- Transformation to Lipschitz continuous metric form.
- Applicability to vacuum and nonvacuum Einstein solutions.

## Abstract

We generalize the classical junction conditions for constructing impulsive gravitational waves by the Penrose "cut and paste" method. Specifically, we study nonexpanding impulses which propagate in spaces of constant curvature with any value of the cosmological constant (that is Minkowski, de Sitter, or anti-de Sitter universes) when additional off-diagonal metric components are present. Such components encode a possible angular momentum of the ultra-relativistic source of the impulsive wave - the so called gyraton. We explicitly derive and analyze a specific transformation that relates the distributional form of the metric to a new form which is (Lipschitz) continuous. Such a transformation automatically implies an extended version of the Penrose junction conditions. It turns out that the conditions for identifying points of the background spacetime across the impulse are the same as in the original Penrose "cut and paste" construction, but their derivatives now directly represent the influence of the gyraton on the axial motion of test particles. Our results apply both for vacuum and nonvacuum solutions of Einstein's field equations, and can also be extended to other theories of gravity.